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Human Rts Terms & Qs

Midyear Prep

QuestionAnswer
Scientific Revolution Copernicus: the earth rotates on its axis and revolves yearly around the sun (debunked geocentric theory w/heliocentric theory) Galileo: innovated superior telescope, provided evidence for heliocentric theory. Newton: gravity, calculus.
Enlightenment ideas from SR allowed Euro "philosophers" to think about human nature and relations between people: balance of power, 3 branches of gov't, separation of church & state, gov't can't deprive you of rights (speech/religion), open borders-->trade-->capitalism
French Revolution Reason:1st, 2nd estates had privileges, 3rd didn't and had to pay taxes, 98% of the pop. wasn't getting representation. Gov't change: 1st French Republic, eliminated monarchy, changed religion/street signs. End: Napoleon became emperor, monarchy->republic
Balance of power (in the government) a balanced distribution of power between executive, legislative, and judicial authorities
Separation of church and state the idea that government should not interfere in religious affairs, and vice versa
Freedom of speech and press Voltaire (enlightenment philosopher) believed people can say whatever they want, sharing their opinions and whatever they'd like to share, as long as they are not harming anyone else.
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen a human civil rights document from the French Revolution set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789
Universal Declaration of Human Rights The first legal document for international human rights (1948). Said that HR is: universal, unalienable, indivisible and interdependent, equal and non-discriminatory, and gov't should respect, protect, and fulfill basic HR
1. What are human rights? certain needs and freedoms that everyone should have, regardless of where they live or who they are. civil rights; natural rights
2. What is the origin of human rights? The concept of human rights came from the scientific revolution, which allowed people to understand themselves->Enlightenment ->French Revolution. During the FR, the assembly created the DRMC which was the first document that outlined HR ideas
Scientific Revolution Conclusion went against the main belief and made new discoveries based on new observations. nature can be logically explained. therefore, humans should be able to rationally understand their own behavior
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