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PTA 211 Exam 1
Balance and Falls in the Elderly
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| intrinsic risk factors for falls include: (8) | strength deficits balance deficits mobility deficits medication errors, mismanagement, and polypharmacy vision impairment cognitive impairment depression effects of multiple comorbidities |
| extrinsic risk factors for falls include: (4) | slippery surfaces loose rugs poor lighting obstacles |
| intrinsic risk factors account for ___% of falls in elders | 70% |
| extrinsic risk factors account for ___% of falls in elders | 39% |
| the ___ approach to assess fall risk in geriatric patients focuses on extrinsic components and modifying environmental factors according to level of ability | ecological |
| the ___ approach to assessing fall risk in geriatric patients focuses on medical events that may contribute to falls and identifying acute illness, electrolyte imbalances, drug side effects, etc. | biomedical |
| the ___ approach to assessing fall risk in geriatric patients focuses on identifying deficits in postural control that adds to instability and includes sensory systems, effector systems (strength, ROM, endurance) and central processing | pathophysiological |
| the ___ approach to assessing fall risk in geriatric patients focuses on identifying important routine movements of certain functional activities that the patient has difficulty doing | functional |
| ___ is the amount of energy one has to complete a functional task | functional reserve |
| ___ is the ability to detect differences in shapes | acuity |
| ___ is the ability to detect differences in shading and patterns; most common aspect of vision to be impacted in the elderly | contrast sensitivity |
| ___ refers to situations where the body is perturbed by an external event and the CNS responds to reset the COG (ex. tripping over a rug) | feedback |
| ___ refers to situations where the CNS sets up a postural response in anticipation of a disturbed COG (ex. catching a ball) | feedforward |
| normal postural strategies have a ___ to ___ sequencing | distal to proximal |
| older adults' postural responses tend to have a ___ to ___ sequencing | proximal to distal |
| what should be included in the patient history in a PT eval to help assess fall risk? | onset and number of falls over a given time environmental conditions activities at the time of fall direction of falls medications |
| ___ can be tested by the therapist holding their fingers together at eye level, pulling them apart, and moving them back together and having the patients say when the fingers are even again | depth perception |
| the ___ can be tested by the therapist holding their finger up and having the patient keep their eyes on it while rapidly turning head back and forth; can also be tested by reading while walking or marching in place with eyes closed | vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) |
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saram6450
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