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Cold War
Modern World History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Demilitarization | Disbanding the Japanese armed forces |
| Democratization | the process of creating a government elected by the people |
| Occupation of Japan | Occupied by US forces under the command of General MacArthur, Japan was forced to allow American troops to take control of the government after Japan surrendered to the United States. |
| Cold War (1945-1991) | A war of words and threats between the United States and the Soviet Union that was marked primarily by a political and economic, rather than military, struggle between the two nations. |
| NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) | A 1949 defense alliance initiated by the US, Canada, and 10 Western European nations |
| Warsaw Pact | An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO |
| commune | a collective farming community |
| Red Guards | The youths who led Mao's Cultural Revolution. Wore red arm bands and carried his book. Terrorized Chinese citizens and determined who went to camps. |
| Cultural Revolution | Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation. |
| Marxism | the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded |
| Marshall Plan | A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952) |
| Brinkmanship | A 1956 term used by Secretary of State John Dulles to describe a policy of risking war in order to protect national interests |
| Truman Doctrine | 1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey |
| Containment | American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world |
| Iron Curtain | Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West. |
| Nuremberg Trials | A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity. |
| communist | a person who supports or believes in the principles of communism. |
| Nationalists | A member of a political group advocating or fighting for national independence, a strong national government, etc. |
| Yalta Conference | 1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war |
| United Nations | In June 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union temporarily set aside their differences. They joined 48 other countries in forming the United Nations. This international organization was intended to protect the members against aggression. It was to b |
| United Nations permanent members | China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States |
| Communism | A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. |
| Capitalism | An economic system based on private ownership of capital |
| Sputnik | First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race. |
| Detente | A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon. |
| SALT II | a second series of negotiations between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. about nuclear arms reduction. The talks, though never ratified by the Senate due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, both sides agreed to limit strategic launchers and weapons. |
| SALT I | Treaty signed in 1972 between the U.S. and the USSR. This agreement limited the number of missiles in each nation and led to the SALT II discussions and a slowdown of the arms race between the two countries. |
| De-Stalinization | Khrushchev's policy of purging the Soviet Union of Stalin's memory; monuments of Stalin were destroyed; Stalin's body was moved outside the Kremlin Wall; Khrushchev did this because he disliked Stalin for jailing and killing loyal Soviet citizens |
| Third World Nations | The underdeveloped nations of the world, especially those with widespread poverty. |
| Non-Aligned Nations | Developing countries that announced their neutrality in the Cold War. |
| Space Race | the competition between nations regarding achievements in the field of space exploration. |
| Berlin Airlift | Joint effort by the US and Britain to fly food and supplies into W Berlin after the Soviet blocked off all ground routes into the city |
| Satellite Nations | Communist nations in Eastern Europe on friendly terms with the USSR and thought of as under the USSR's control |
| Ronald Reagan and the Cold War | Reagan became a popular two-term president. He cut taxes, increased defense spending, negotiated a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviets and is credited with helping to bring a quicker end to the Cold War. |
| Margaret Thatcher | First woman Prime Minister of Britain. Nicknamed the "iron lady" for her anti-communist stance. |
| Nikita Khrushchev | A Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Also famous for denouncing Stalin and allowed criticism of Stalin within Russia. |
| Leonid Brezhnev | Soviet leader from 1962 to 1984 who is most known internationally for actions such as his hard-line stance against the pro-democracy Prague Spring protesters in 1968 and well as overseeing Russia's long, costly, and futile war in Afghanistan. |
| Fidel Castro | Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927) |
| Mao Zedong | (1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976. |
| Jiang Jieshi | (1887-1975) Leader of the Guomindang, or Nationalist Party in China. He lost control of China in 1949, and fled to Taiwan where he setup a rival government. Also known as Chang Kai Shek. |
| Richard Nixon and Detente | Better relations with the USSR and China |
| John F. Kennedy | President of the US during the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis |
| Cuban Revolution | (1958) A political revolution that removed the United States supported Fugencio Batista from power. The revolution was led by Fidel Castro who became the new leader of Cuba as a communist dictator. |
| Bay of Pigs Invasion | failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 when a force of 1,200 Cuban exiles, backed by the United States, landed at the Bay of Pigs. |
| Afghanistan 1979 | The Soviet Union sent troops into neighboring Afghanistan to support its Communist government against guerilla attacks by fundamentalist Muslims. |
| Guatemalan Civil War | 1960 - 1996 proxy war between US and Soviet Union. Guerrilla leftist group vs military dictatorship. Genocide by Death Squads of Maya people who were caught in the crossfire |
| Iranian Revolution of 1979 | Opposition to Mohammad-Rezā Shāh Pahlavi, grew from the brutality of his regime. The shah exiled his main opponent, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, and street demonstrations and strikes against the existing government forces him to leave the country in 1979. |
Created by:
Mdenne
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