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Study Guide (wha)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plato’s ideal form of government? | The state should regulate every aspect of its citizens lives in order to provide for their best interests. "People are equal at birth." |
| Rome’s first code of law | The law of the twelve tables |
| What are some major differences between the Greco-Roman and Jewish and Christian traditions? | Judaism and Christianity differed markedly from Greco-Roman religious traditions. Judaism and Christianity were monotheistic, meaning they believed only one God ruled the universe. Greco-Roman faiths, in contrast, were polytheistic and henotheistic. |
| How did the Classical Greeks think about the individual? | The individual was dependent upon the society in which he was born for all that he could become as a person. |
| A cornerstone of our government today is based upon some political ideas that came from Montesquieu. What are they? | Montesquieu is famous in the history of political thought for his famous formulation of separation of powers as the most important precondition of political liberty and this idea he stated in his famous the Spirit of Laws. |
| Rousseau wanted society to be governed by what? | A social contract |
| One of the accomplishments of the French Revolution was a document that was based upon the Declaration of Independence? What document? | Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen |
| The thinking behind the Enlightenment Era and how the people should be governed. | They valued reason, science, religious tolerance, and what they called “natural rights”—life, liberty, and property. Enlightenment philosophers developed theories of government in which some or even all the people would govern. |
| What provisions were contained in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? | 1. The aim of society is the common welfare. 2. These rights are equality, liberty, security, and property. 3. All men are equal by nature and before the law. etc. |
| What reforms did Napoleon introduce to France? | Napoleon instituted various reforms, such as higher education, a tax code, road and sewer systems, and established the Banque de France, the first central bank in French history. |
| Philosophies of John Locke. | 1. natural law and natural rights 2. state of nature 3. property 4. consent, political obligation, and the ends of government 5. Locke and punishment 6. separation of powers and the dissolution of government 7. toleration 8. education and politics |
| What Enlightenment philosopher published Two Treatises of Government, in which he detailed his beliefs regarding natural rights, including the right to life, liberty and property? | John Locke |
| What was the Glorious Revolution all about? | The sequence of events leading to the deposition of King James II and VII of England and Scotland in November 1688, and his replacement by his daughter Mary II and her husband and James's nephew William III of Orange, de facto ruler of the Dutch Republic. |
| Why is the Magna Carta significant in the history of democratic ideas? | It was a document issued in 1215 to King John. It ordained that no freeman could be punished except through the law of the land. It attempted to impose limits on the King’s power – a tenuous, though unmistakable beginning to the principles of democracy. |
| What factors contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in England Britain? | The new inventions, access to raw materials, trade routes and partners, social changes, and a stable government all paved the way for Britain to become an industry-driven country. |
| The Textile industry met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of what? | The improvement to the steam engine |
| The Industrial Revolution created new jobs in what? | Railroad construction, coal mining, factory production, and farming. |
| Nationalism v. Patriotism (covers more than one question, be sure to define and compare each term) | Nationalism is the belief in an exclusionary and insular nation-state, patriotism is the love of your own nation. Nationalism is a belief that your nation sits that the top of a hierarchy of nations. Patriotism is the love of your country and culture. |
| What social change was brought about by the Industrial Revolution | The Industrial Revolution increased the material wealth of the Western world. It also ended the dominance of agriculture and initiated significant social change. |
| What was the objective of the Romantic artists? | Romantic painters combined the ideal with the particular, imbuing their paintings with a call to spiritual renewal that would usher in an age of freedom and liberties not yet seen. |
| How long did the Enlightenment Period last? | Between 1715 and 1789 |
| Mohandas Gandhi | Father of the Indian independence movement |
| What did a growing Indian distrust of the British lead to? | British- Great Rebellion or Sepoy Mutiny Indians- First War of Independence |
| Democracy | A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. |
| Enlightenment view of women | Women challenged those ideas and started questioning their roles in society. They often view women as separate identity and men separate identity. Women were perceived as the caretakers of the household and mothers of children in the family. |
| The Declaration of Independence state that government should protect natural rights that were stated in what document. | The Bill of Rights of the US Constitution protects basic freedoms of United States citizens. |
| How did the US Constitution reflect the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers? | The Constitution reflected Enlightenment distrust of powerful central governments. It was added to the Constitution to protect the rights of individual citizens. |
| How did France’s revolutionaries follow the examples set by leaders of the American Revolution? What did they write? | the American Declaration of Independence as a model when drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. The French declaration included Enlightenment principles, such as equal rights and popular sovereignty. |
| Napoleonic Code and the Enlightenment principles | A code that embodied Enlightenment principles such as the equality of all citizens before the law, religious toleration, and advancement based on merit. But also took away rights from women like divorce. |
| What is a direct result of the discovery that germs cause disease? | Improved sanitation |
| What had the greatest impact on the improvement of working conditions in the 1800s? | Labor Unions |
| What contributed to German’s growth as an industrial power under Bismarck? | Substantial iron and coal reserves |
| Most to the growth of nationalism in the Balkans? | The Balkans successfully overthrew the Ottoman Empire, but soon after, the now independent Balkan states yearned for more land and started fighting among themselves. These resulted in a series of wars. |
| What had great power in the Third Republic in France? | Coalitions |
| Why were the British able to conquer India’s vast territory? | Some reasons are because of the military superiority, financial means, explorations and transportations, differences in culture, strong leaders and because of the successful |
| What did Japan gain control over which aided in it becoming an imperialist power? | The Treaty of Portsmouth gave Japan primacy in Korea, and Russia granted to Japan its economic and political interests in southern Manchuria, including the Liaotung Peninsula. Russia also ceded to Japan the southern half of the island of Sakhalin. |
| Which system of law appeared first? | Monarchy |
| Aristotle | Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy. |
| Why did Christianity first begin to spread quickly through the Roman Empire? | Christianity spread quickly through the Roman empire because Peter and Paul began to preach it to the pagans. Emperor Constantine allowed Christians to come out of their catacombs and build churches and cemeteries. |
| Why did King John not want to sign the Magna Carta? | Magna Carta was sealed by King John on 15 June 1215. The document was drawn up after his barons rebelled and forced him to agree to limitations on his power, because he had demanded heavy taxes to fund his unsuccessful wars in France. |
| A cause of the French Revolution | The history of the estates-system, resentment towards the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI, the impact of the Age of Enlightenment, the weather conditions before 1789 and the economic crisis that France faced under Louis XVI. |
| The most political form in classical Mediterranean world | Democracy |
| The disease that took many lives in the fourteenth century | The Black Death |
| Middle Passage | The stage of the Atlantic slave trade |
| Which Enlightenment Thinker gave us the principle of “the ends will justify the means” approach to government? | Machiavelli |
| The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 | Warns European Nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization. |
| Primary objective of the Declaration of Independence | To set the basic rights of the U.S. citizens in the new nation. |
| One effect of the French Revolution | Change in Land Ownership The abolishment of taxes on agricultural produce and earnings for many peasants who relied on their land and landlords with manorialism being an important part of Feudalism. |
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alisa93194
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