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Being Alive--Science
Aaron's Science Study sheet 3/11/10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| All Life must meet these 4 criteria | contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid); is able to take energy from it's surroundings and convert it to energy that helps it live; senses changes in surroundings and can respond; is able to reproduce. |
| DNA is... | a protein molecule, consisting of millions of atoms, which provides the information to organize lifeless chemicals into a living system. The is information storage is more effecient that computers. |
| DNA is shaped like... | A double helix (sort of a pair of spirals) and contains 4 nucleotides which always pair off. (cytosine with guanine & adenine with thymine) |
| How can DNA reproduce itself? | It splits down the middle and the nucleotides just match up again. |
| Energy for living things comes from where? | Sun |
| Plants combine water, carbon dioxide and energy from the sun to produce what? | Food, such as glucose or starch and oxygen. |
| What is photosynthesis? | Plants combining water, carbon dioxide and energy from the sun to make food, such as glucose, starch and oxygen. |
| When does metabolism occur? | When a living organism uses energy to develop, grow and sustain itself. |
| How do animals break down the food which a plant formed from photosynthesis? | In tiny steps like combustion |
| Animals need oxygen to break down the fuel to produce what? | energy, carbon dioxide and water. |
| Photosynthesis in plants... | plants take in water + carbon dioxide + energy (sun) == fuel + oxygen |
| Metabolism is... | we take in fuel + oxygen === and produce energy + water + carbon dioxide. |
| What are the main fuels--macronutrients--that we use? | proteins, carbohydrates and fats |
| What is the basic unit of life? | a cell |
| What makes a cell prokaryotic? | If the DNA is not in a nucleus and there are no other organelles. |
| What makes a cell eukaryotic? | If the DNA is in a nucleus and there are other organelles. |
| What are the 5 Kingdoms of Living Organisms? | Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia |
| What is the only Kingdom that has prokaryotic cells? | Monera |
| Bacteria are in what Kingdom? | Monera |
| Bacteria that cause disease are called... | Pathogenic |
| Bacteria growth can be inhibited by... | salt, acid (like vinegar), removing moisture, extreme heat (cooking), and cold temperatures (refrigerator) |
| One-celled eukaryotics organisms are called... | protozoa |
| A protozoa... | move around like little animals or algae. |
| Algae | is somewhat like plants but withour any specialized structures like roots, stems and leaves. |
| Algae includes those amazing diatoms.. | which are the most important living group in terms of photosynthesis. |
| Mushrooms, yeast and mold are.... | Fungi |
| Fungi are decomposers who... | breakdown dead organisms into nutrients which can be reused. |
| Plants are in the Plantae Kingdom | They have specialized parts such as roots, stems and leaves. |
| A cell wall and a central vacuole do what for plants? | Keep the cells rigid when they have enough fluid. |
| Why are plants called producers? | becauses they perform photosynthesis. |
| Animals are in what kingdom? | Animalia |
| Animal cells... | Have no cell walls |
| Animalia kingdom includes... | bird, insects, worms, humans, etc. |
| How many bones are in the human body? | 206 |
| How many different kinds of skeletal muscles are in the human body? | 640 |
| Involuntary or smooth muscles do what? | keep your heart, lungs, digestion, etc. going without your conscious effort. Pairs of muscles contract and relax to make a particular movement, which might involve over 30 muscles working together. |
| How are joints protected? | The end of the bone is covered in cartilage, and it is lubricated by a fluid produced by a sac at the joint. |
| What are the 4 types of joints? | Hinge, Saddle, ball & socket and washer joints. |
| What are some examples of hinge joints? | Knee or elbow |
| What is an example of a saddle joint? | Ankle |
| What are some examples of ball and socket joints? | Hip or Shoulder |
| Where is the only place you can find washer joints? | in the backbone |
| What is symbiosis? | two or more organisms living together so that each is benefitted. |
| What is one example of symbiosis in the human body? | Beneficial bacteria eat the sweat our skin produces, and give off and acid that keeps pathogenic bacteria away. |
| What is another example of symbiosis in the human body? | In our colon, bacteria consume food for themselves, and produce vitamin K, biotin, and folic acid which our bodies need. |
| There are over 100 trillion bacteria in your intestines... | which are beneficial there but harmful in other parts of the body. |
Created by:
mom4ells
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