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Absolute Monarchs
Starting at page 69
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who fought in the St. Bartholemew's day massacre? | The Catholics attacked the Hugeunots. |
| Why did the massacre start? | Because of a wedding |
| Who is the bride and the groom? | The groom is Henry of Navarre and the Bride is Catherine de Medice |
| Why do people start the massacre? | Catherine is from Italy and she is Catholic, Henry is protestant/hugeunot. Catholics do not want a Protestant king so they decide to assassinate Henry of Navarre |
| Who is killed in the massacre? | Many people are killed but not Henry |
| What happens to Catherine and Henry? | They continue with the wedding and are married. Henry becomes King of France. He is part of the Bourban dynasty. |
| What number is Henry? | IV |
| What does Henry do to try and calm people down? | He converts to Catholicism because he was under pressure from the Catholics. |
| Who is betrayed by him converting? | The Hugeunots. They are scared because they don't want an attack against protestantism. |
| What is the Edict that says that Hugeunots can stay in France in peace? | The Edict of Nantes |
| What happens to Henry? | He is stabbed by a catholic fanatic and is killed |
| Who becomes King next? | Louis XIII |
| What does Louis XIII not want? | He doesn't want the responsibility of being king only the power |
| Who does Louis XIII give most of the responsibility to? | Cardinal Richelieu |
| What does Cardinal Richelieu want to do? | He wants to get Louis XIII more power because if Louis has more power than so does he. Richelieu wants the responsibility, he can't be king though, but he might as well be king. |
| What is the first decision made by Cardinal Richelieu against Protestanism? | He forbids protestant cities from putting up walls. He doesn't want a threat against Louis XIII's power and therefore his power. If they have no safe place to go back to because they have no walls then they are less likely to attack the king. |
| Who does Cardinal Richelieu take action against next? | He takes action against the nobles of any religion. Nobles are wealthy and wealth=power so he wants to reduce their power. He sees the nobles as a threat and if there is less of a threat to your power then you have more power. |
| Who is the minister of Finance during Louis XIV's reign? | Jean Baptiste Colbert |
| What does Jean Baptiste Colbert do financially for France? | He wants France to buy nothing and if they need it then learn to make it. Only buy from other merchants in France to keep the money in France He lowers taxes for French businesses that they need to succeed so that they can sell in France. |
| What are tarrifs? | They are taxes on imported goods. Tarrifs make foreign goods more expensive. Colbert raised the tarrifs so that people would only buy things from France and not other countries. |
| What is Louis XIV's castle/palace called? | The Palace at Versailles. It used to be his father's hunting lodge but he turned the house into his palace. There are many fountains. |
| What is Louis XIV known as? | The Sun King, he gave life to France and everything revolved around him. |
| The War of Spanish Sucession | It was the last, the longest and the largest of Louis XIV's wars. |
| Who is the king on the Spanish Hapsburg thrown? | Charles II of Spain. He does not have any children or obvious heir. Hapsburg family is very inbred and Charles II is sterile. He cannot get anyone pregnant. |
| Who does Charles II give his thrown to? | He gives it to Louis XIV's Grandson-Philip of Anjou He wants to piggyback off of France's success |
| What is the balance of power? | If Spain and France combine they will have way too much power. |
| What is the Grand Alliance? | The alliance of countries that don't want a Bourbon on the Spanish throne. They think that Spain and France will be ruled by the same person or family, and they will have too much power |
| What does the Grand alliance do? | They attack Spain |
| What is the end result of the war? | Louis XIV brings the war to a draw even though Spain was surrounded and should've lost |
| What treaty ens the war? | The Treaty of Utrecht. It says that one person cannot rule on both thrones. It prevented a unifies Bourbon monarchy |
| What do the British get out of the war? | They get Gibralter from Spain. They still have it to this day. It's important because any ships that want to come into the Mediterranean have to go through Gibralter. England gets to control trade |
| How long does Louis XIV rule? | He rules for 60 years |
| What are some good things from his reign? | It is because of Louis that France became the dominant power of Europe. France dominates the military, economics and socially. |
| What are some bad parts from his reign? | To dominate Europe he had to go to war often, most of the time he was at war. He is spending a lot of money on these wars and other things. France is on its way to being bankrupt. Many soldiers and citizens died. |
| Austria vs. Prussia | |
| What are serfs? | Serfs are like indentured servants. In exchange for food and shelter they worked to pay off their debt for food and shelter. |
| What is the position of Serfs in Western Europe? | Serfs were being released in Western Europe. Western European countries are moving away from using serfs. |
| Serfs in Central Euope? | Serfs were not being released and could not get out of their servitude. Nobles did not help serfs get out of their debt that tied them to their land. |
| What is the effect of these differences? | Western Europe goes down a much better industrial path and Central Europe goes down an agricultural path. |
| Hapsburgs | |
| What was the one throne that the Hapsburgs had now? | The Austrian throne, not Spain |
| Who oversaw the recovery of the Austrian Hapsburgs? | Charles II |
| Why was it so difficult to keep his empire togther? | There were many cultures. Hungary, Italy, Croatia, and Germany were all part of the empire. |
| Who is Charles II's one child? | Maria Teresa. She is his daughter |
| How does Charles II help make the transition to Maria Teresa easier? | He talks to each individual local leader of main locations and gets them to pledge their support of the transition to Maria Teresa. |
| Prussia | |
| Who is the leading family in Prussia? | Hohenzollern Family |
| Who is the ruler of Prussia when there is a rivalry with Austria? | Fredrick II or "the great" |
| Who is Fredrick II's dad? | Fredrick William or "the great elector" he is seen as one of the founding fathers of Prussia and believes that the only thing that makes a country strong and secure is a strong military. |
| How does Fredrick William pay for his miltitary? | He uses taxes |
| Who does Fredrick William tax? | He taxes the nobles |
| What is the response to the taxes? | Nobles are not happy and Fredrick William does not want a rebellion like the Fronde. |
| What two things does Fredrick William do to calm down his nobles? | He uses logic to calm them down at first. He is using their money very logically, it helps them. After that he uses bribary to calm down the other people. He gives them jobs in the military so that they can become heroes. He appeals to their egoes. |
| What is something that FRedrick William helps Prussia always have? | A strong military |
| Fredrick II | |
| What was Fredrick II not big on? | Military, he liked the arts more |
| What was Fredrick II's punishment? | Him and his best friend were caught sneaking out and his father beheaded his friend and made Fredrick II watch. |
| What happens to Fredrick II? | He channels his anger towards his into the military and becomes more of a military guy |
| The War of Austrian Succession | |
| What is the conflict over and between who? | It is over Silesia and it is between Austria and Prussia. |
| Why did both the countries want Silesia? | Silesia had many good resources and both countries wanted more territory and Silesia was a good addition to their countries. |
| Who claims Silesia first? | Mari Teresa claims Silesia for Austria, but Fredrick II wants to fight her for it. |
| Where does Maria Teresa go to for help? | She goes to Hungary because they have many good resources. |
| How does she convince them to help her? | She uses her child that she just recently gave birth to as a manipulation and told the king that if Prussia defeats her then they will come for him next. They will be stronger together and have a chance of defeating Prussia. |
| What is Hungary's decision? | he tells Maria Teresa that she can count on his support. |
| Who else does Austria ally with? | Their allies were Hungary and Great Britain |
| Who is Prussia allies with? | Prussia allies with France |
| Who takes Silesia in the end of the war? | Prussia takes Silesia |
| Seven Years War | |
| Who was the war fought between in the colonies? | France vs. England |
| Who does Maris Teresa want to align with in this war? | She wants to ally with France because they are neighbors and it is Austria's best interest to ally with France. |
| How does she align with France? | She talks to Louis XV and they wed their children |
| Who are the two people getting married? | Louis XVI and Marie Antonuette |
| Who does Prussia align with and why? | They ally with England because France and England hate each other and are fighting against each other in the colonies. |
| Who comes out best in the seven years war? | Britain comes out best. Prussia still comes out good but not as good as England. |
| Limited Monarchy in England | |
| Who is ruling in England and who is their heir? (first and last name) | Elizabeth is ruling and she doesn't have any children so she chooses her cousin James Stuart to succeed her. James Stuart becomes James I. |
| What is Elizabeth's family? | The Tudor family |
| What is the new ruling Dynasty that is started? | The Stuart dynasty |
| What did James fight with Parliament about? | He spent a lot of money and usually had to fight parliament for it. Just like Elizabeth. |
| Who had the money in monarchies? | Parliament had the money and monarchs had to ask for it. Parliament almost never said no but they might give the monarch a hard time about it but still give them the money. |
| Why were the Catholics happy when James Stuart came to rule England? | They think he will make England Catholic because the Stuart family was Catholic. |
| Does James I change the churdch? | He keeps the Anglican church |
| What is the plot to kill James I? | The gunpowder treason plot |
| Why does the plot start? | Because James I didn't embrace Catholicism so he should die |
| How many people are in the group of Catholics that are part of the treason plot? | There are 13 people |
| What does Parliament do to get more money? | They make their basement floor into a storage place for citizens. |
| What do the group of Catholics put in a storage unit underneath Parlaiment? | They put 36 barrels of gunpowder |
| What is the plan? | They plan to blow up parliament and kill James but also everyone in Parliament. They plan to do it in the new session of Parliament on November 15th |
| What ruins the group's plan? | One person in the group (the moron) writes a letter to his friend in Parliament to tell him not to come to work on November 15th. His friend reports the letter to the authorities. The authorites want to catch the peoplen who are going to do it. |
| Who do the authorities catch and how? | Gut Fawkes is caught on his way to light the long fuse to the gunpowder. He is caught and tortured endlessly. He tells them every name of the other people in his group. Guy Fawkes's body is cut up and burned. Guy Fawkes day is celebrated on Nov. 5th. |
| Why is James I so unpopular? | He rejected Catholicism and he upset the Puritans. |
| How does James I upset the Puritans? | The Puritans wanted James to translate the bible and add and highlight some Puritan beliefs. James does not do this. |
| What do the Puritans do because of this? | They left England to go to the Colonies because they did not feel like their religion was respected. |
| Who comes next after James I? | Charles I James I's son |
| What does Parliament make Charles I sign for money? | The petition of right |
| What does the Petition of right say? | The monarch cannot arrest someone without cause They cannot impose martial law in peacetime People cannot be forced to house soldiers in their private homes There can be no new taxes without Parliament's consent |
| What did the petition of right do? | It gave more power to the people and less power to the monarch |
| Does Charles I sign the petition of right? | Yes he does, but he does not follow it. |
| Why does Charles I not follow the Petition of right? | He does not believe that Parliament has the power to take away his power because he believes he has the divine right of kings and his power was given to him by God so they cannot take it away. |
| Is Charles I popular? | No he is not popular |
| Where does Charles I also rule? | He rules Scotland |
| What is the main religion in Scotland? | Most people are Presbyterian (calvanist). The Stuart family does not usually like Calvanist groups |
| What does Charles I say about the religion of Sotland? | He thinks that since Scotland is a part of England now they should have the same religion. He makes the Presbyterians use the Anglican prayer book. |
| What do the Presbyterian Scots do? | The rebel against Charles I. |
| What does Charles need to go to war? | He needs money but Parliament has the money and Parliament is not happy with Charles. |
| What does Parliament start doing? | They start passing laws without Charles's consent. These laws limited the power of the monarch. |
| What is Charles's reaction to that? | He tries to arrest members of Parliament for just doing their jobs. |
| What does this start? | This starts the English civil war. |
| Where does Charles go for support? | He goes North to Scotland. He gets a good amount of help and resources. Enough to put up a fight. |
| What are the two sides of the English Civil war? | The royalists or Cavaliers were people who supported Charles I or liked the idea of a monarchy. Roundheads or Puritans were supporters of Parliament. |
| What was the war like? | It was very back and forth |
| Who turned the war around? | Oliver Cromwell turned the war around for the Puritans. |
| What mainly helps the Puritans win? | Charles I tries to go to a city to get support but that in that city he is captured and brought to Oliver Cromwell. |
| What is Charles I charged with? | He is charged with treason against the country, but he says that he is the government and the state so he can't commit a crime against himself. |
| What happens to Charles I? | He is executed. It is the first public execution of a king. |
| Who rules next? | Oliver Cromwell, but he is not part of a ruling family |
| What is the period that Oliver Cromwell rules called? | Interregnum (interruption of the royal families) |
| What kind of government does Oliver Cromwell want to make England and what is it? | He wants to make it a commonwealth. A commonwealth is a government made up of representatives elected by the people for the people. There is no monarchy |
| Why does this government not work for Cromwell? | Cromwell is a Puritan and most people in England are not Puritan so they will not vote for Puritan values. |
| What government does Cromwell have instead? | He makes a theocracy. He makes laws based on religious beliefs. He basically becomes a dictator. |
| What is one good thing that Cromwell does? | He is pretty religiously tolerant and he invites the Jews back to worship in England in peace. They did not have to join a Puritan church but had to follow Puritan laws. He still did not like Catholics though. |
| Who comes after Cromwell rule when he dies? | Charles II son of Charles I The people were so tired of Puritan laws that they would take anyone. |
| What happens to the Puritan laws? | They are lifted and there is a lot of celebration. It was a great time for England. |
| What is the new document made an what does it say? | Habeas Corpus "To have the body" It gave people the right to go before a judge People could not be arrested for no reason The judge would decide if the reason was good. |
| What is the problem with Charles II's heir? | He does not have any children with his wife but he does have children with other people. If the children are not with his wife they cannot be heirs. |
| Who takes over after Charles II? | Charles's brother, James. |
| What is the problem with James? | He is CATHOLIC |
| What are the two groups of people with their opinions towards James being king? | The whigs appose James coming to the throne. Tories are ok with James coming to the throne |
| Who wins the Whigs or the Tories? | The Tories win. It is mostly bloodless |
| Who is James's child? | Mary. She is married to a very powerful guy, William of Orange, in the Netherlands and the Dutch are very Protestant. England is not going to stay protestant. But then James has a son, James II. |
| So who becomes ruler after James I? | James II |
| Who overthrows James II? | William of Orange and Mary II. They arrived in England with military force and James II fled. William of Orange and Mary become King and Queen. |
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