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CP Exam II
Pulmonary Disease Diagnosis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Blood Gas Analysis | used to assess gas exchange function & provide information about acid-base balance in the body |
| pH | concentration of hydrogen ions > 7.4 = alkaline < 7.4 = acidic |
| Metabolic Acidosis | Low pH production of excess hydrogen ions OR low bicarbonate often see excessive vomiting & poor perfusion |
| Respiratory Acidosis | Low pH high partial pressure CO2 often have rapid shallow expiration |
| Metabolic Alkalosis | High pH too much bicarbonate due to kidney's not getting rid of it |
| Respiratory Alkalosis | High pH low partial pressure CO2 usually see hyperventilating |
| 4 Conditions when pH is out of whack | Metabolic Issues (acidosis or alkalosis) - usually slow Respiratory Issues (acidosis or alkalosis) - usually fast - acidosis more common in respiratory due to trouble expelling air with respiratory obstructive disease |
| Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) - Normal Values | pH - 7.4 - <7.4 = acidosis - > 7.4 = alkalosis PaCO2 - 40 - < 40 = acidosis - > 40 = alkalosis HCO3 - 24 - < 24 = acidosis - > 24 = alkalosis PaO2 - 100 - < 80 = hypoxemia |
| Acid-Base Balance | the ratio of CO2 & HCO3 is critical to a normal pH |
| Responsibility of Managing pH | Lungs (fast) - solely responsible for CO2 (considered an acid) - CO2 combines with water to form carbonic acid that produces H+ ions Kidneys (slow) - excrete excess H+ ions - retains HCO3 (base) |
| Compensation for whack pH | Respiratory Acidosis - near normal pH with high pp CO2 - occurs through kidney's excreting acid & retaining HCO3 - slow (many hours to days) Metabolic Acidosis - near normal pH with low bicarbonate - occurs through lungs hyperventilating (fast) |
| ABG Interpretation - Naming | 1. Acidosis OR Alkalosis -> choose last name based on pH 2. Metabolic, Respiratory OR Mixed -> choose first name based on value of CO2 & HCO3 that matches the last name - if both CO2 & HCO3 match the last name, first name = mixed |
| ABG Interpretation - Compensation | Look at factor not being used in the naming - if it is NOT normal in the opposite direction from the last name, add the prefix "partially compensated" |
| Inverse Relationship of PaCO2 & pH | PaCO2 goes up -> pH goes down PaCO2 goes down -> pH goes up *If this is true, respiratory dysfunction is the primary issue |
| Linear Relationship of HCO3 & pH | HCO3 goes up -> pH goes up HCO3 goes down -> pH goes down |
| Normal Oximetry | 97-100 is normal value of ~90% requires caution value of < 86% requires activity to stop |
| Cytologic & Hematologic Tests | provide information on infections & guide treatment of certain diseases that can cause pulmonary dysfunction can detect anemia or other disease that influence respiratory functions |
Created by:
Cummings226134
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