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Sensory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define sensation and perception | sensation is when we detect a process of stimulus while perception is were we recognize the patterns of sensation |
| What are the three types of sensory cortex in the baseline sensory system? | primary, secondary, and association |
| What are the physical and perceptual dimensions of sound? | - amplitude = loudness - frequency= pitch - complexity = timbre |
| Define the outer ear | tympanic membrane (ear drum) |
| Define the inner ear | - oval window - organ of cortex - hair cells of basilar membrane - tectorial membrane |
| Define the middle ear | ossicles (hammer, anvil, stirrup) |
| What is the organ of cortex? | tonotopic organization (higher frequencies closer to the oval window) |
| What is the complex auditory pathway from inner ear to brain? | - have hair synapse on brain - axon enters metencephalon - synapse in ipsilateral cochlear nucleus - travel to superior olives, the inferior colliculus via lateral lemniscus |
| How do the fibers ascend from the inner ear to the brain? | - fibers ascend to the medical geniculate nucleus or the thalamus - fibers ascend to the primary auditory cortex in the lateral fissure -projections from each ear are bilateral |
| Explain the auditory cortex. | -tonotopically: tone by space - columns process vertically: sons frequencies - combined w/ association areas |
| What happens if you damage the auditory system? | -difficulty in localization and complex patter reorganization - deafness - age related hearing loss |
| What are the two types of damage? | - conductive: damage to ossicles - nerve: damage to cochlea, nerves, |
| What stimulation appear in the exteroceptive cutaneous system? | - mechanical stimuli (touch) - thermal stimuli (temperature) - nociceptive stimuli (surface pain) |
| What are the other two somatosensory systems and their function? | - perceptive system (body position) - interoceptive system (w/in the body) |
| How many types of receptors are there? | 7 types of receptors |
| What is the cutaneous perceptive? | identify objects by touch produce by multiple receptors mechanism |
| What is the dorsal-column medial- lemniscus system? | carries information abt touch and perception |
| What is the purpose of the anterolateral system? | mediates pain and temperature |
| What are the projections from thalamus? | primary somatosensory cortex to postcentral gyrus and the secondary to the somatosensory |
| What are the steps for the perception of pain? | 1. Pain is adaptive 2. lack of clear cortecial representation of pain 3. pain affected by cognition emotion |
| What is the difference between nociception and pain? | Nociception is where the reflect response is reduce to tissue damage. The sensation of noxious stimuli. Pain is the unpleasant experience the involve the noxious stimuli and is a long term behavior. |
| What is olfactory chemical sense? | the smell is response to airborne chemicals. the olfactory receptor cells are produced across a lifespan. |
| What are the five primary taste? | sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami |
| What makes up metabotropic receptors? | 1 umami, 2 sweet, 25 bitter |
| What is anosmia? | the inability to smell |
| What is ageusia? | the inability to taste |
| What is perception? | prior knowledge has major influence on how we perceive the world |
| What is perceptual decision making? | is ongoing and continuous. there is a large proportion of the energy used by the brain |
| How does anything get precieved? | the binding problem |
| What is one of the currently favored possibility to solve for everything being perceived? | intergration is baked in (secondary to primary etc) |
| What is Claustrum? | a brain area does the process of intergradation |
| What is a characteristic of selective attention? | conscious perception of a fraction of available sensory input and unconscious monitoring of important stimuli |
| When is internal cognitive process focus on? | when the endogenous attention and the believed top-down is perceived. |
| When is external events focus on? | when exogenous attention and the believed bottom-up is perceived. |
| What is the cocktail party phenomenon? | the picking of a name up from across from the room |
Created by:
danimae44
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