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U1 Global Tapestry V
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ibn Battuta | visited most of the Islamic World, (Africa, E. Europe and Asia). Without his writings, historians today would have limited knowledge about smaller civilizations especially in Africa. |
| Mansa Musa | Name of the wealthiest & most famous rulers of the Kingdom of Mali; as a Muslim, he made a pilgrimage to Mecca in 1300s; arrived with an entourage of slaves & GOLD!! |
| Feudalism | Term describes the social-political organization during the Medieval European & Japan; system of obligations in which greater lords provided protection in return for formal oaths of allegiance and promises of loyal service; |
| Manorialism | Term that describes the method of land ownership and the economic relations between landlords & their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; were self-sufficient |
| Griot | Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings within the Mali Empire; they helped preserve history & culture and were valued in West African kingdoms |
| Baghdad | capital of the Abbasid Caliphate |
| Tenochtitlan | capital of the Aztec Empire |
| Waru Waru | Name of Inca agricultural innovation in which raised beds with channels were created to capture and redirect rain to avoid erosion during floods; it also saved water to be used during dry periods.’ |
| chinampa | Agricultural innovation made by the Aztecs; bed of aquatic weeds, muds and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes; |
| daimyo | Name of feudal lords in Japan who were vassals to the shogun; They possessed a great deal of power. |
| Bushido | warrior code of the samurai (comparable to knight's chivalry): stressed frugality, loyalty, the martial arts and family honor over death (influenced by Shintoism & Confucianism) also stressed discipline, martial arts & mediation (Influence of Buddhism) |
| Seppuku | ritual suicide through disembowelment (gutting oneself); aspect of bushido code; beaten & disgraced samurai were expected to turn to ritual suicide to restore family honor; this could also be ordered by a daimyo landlord |
| bodhisattva | (in Mahayana Buddhism) a person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so out of compassion in order to help save others; many rulers in Buddhist kingdoms in Southeast Asia claimed to legitimize their rule. |
| House of Wisdom | Name of the intellectual center in Baghdad that was part of the translation movement; many Islamic scholars translated the works of Greeks & Indian scholars into Arabic and then proceeded to make many new discoveries of their own. |
| umma | refers to the community of Muslims no matter their kin/tribe or ethnicity ; they are equal |
| caliph | the political and religious successor of Muhammad; absolute authority |
| matrilineal | refers to the West African & North American line of succession in which the heir is traced through the ruler's sister's son |
| Timbuktu | major city for trade in gold, slaves, salt & books & site of Islamic scholarship (Islamic school-madrasa) |
| Shintoism | Name of the the indigenous religion of Japan consisting chiefly in the cultic devotion to deities of natural forces and veneration of the Emperor as a descendant of the sun goddess |
| mita | Inca system of tribute; rather than using currency, the empire extracted labor from its people (terracing, mining, etc) |
| Shogun | Name of the hereditary military dictators in Japan who generally were the rulers of the country from 1185-1867, as the emperor was a ceremonial figure. |
| Great Enclosure | Name of the tallest man-made feature built in Africa (aside from the pyramids) 30 ft high stone walls stand without mortar. |
| Cahokia | Name of the largest surviving earthen mound structure of the Mississippian |
| Magna Carta | legal doc that sought to limit the absolute power of kings; to respect the right to jury & the concept of representation (consulting) before taxing; it also resulted in the creation of a first Parliament; |
| guilds | Association of merchants or artisans in the same business (ie- like a union of blacksmiths, weavers, masons, leatherworkers, etc); they regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good craftsmanship & limited membership. |
| papacy | Term that refers to the office of the "Bishop of Rome" aka- the pope (the leader of the Catholic Church) Legitimacy is traced back to Peter the Apostle, |
| Sufism | Refers to a more mystical & ascetic branch of Islam; followers try achieve a more direct relationship w/ Allah. as opposed to studying the Quran; primary agents for the spread of Islam later on into Asia; |
| Bhakti | Refers to the Hindu reform movt that attempted to transcend the differences b/t Hinduism & Islam, this variation of Hinduism placed less emphasis on studying text or rituals; instead focus on achieving direct r/s with God similar to Sufi mystics |
| Dar al-Islam | Arabic for "House of Islam;" refers to lands under some kind of Islamic rule.; Mamluk Sultanate, Abbasid Caliphate, Seljuk Turks, Delhi Sultanate |
| Sultan | Title of a Turkish-Islamic ruler who claims absolute political and military authority, but not religious authority;defer spiritual authority to caliphate; (Delhi, Mamluk, Seljuk) are examples |
| Angkor Wat | largest Hindu temple in the world; in fact largest religious monument ever; built by the Khmer Empire (Cambodia); "Golden Age of Cambodia"; |
| junks | Name given to Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in East & South China Seas |
| champa rice | Name of a quick-maturing rice that allows 2 harvests; originally introduced in Vietnam, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift from Vietnam. |
| Quipu | system of knotted strings used by Incas in place of writing; could contain numerical and other types of information for census |
| Grand Canal | massive engineering feat initiated by the Sui and continued by the Song that connected the agricultural lands near the Yangtze that grew champa rice with the Huanghe |
| Sunni | largest branch of Islam (80-90%); after Muhammad's death, believed Muhammad's successor should be of anyone who possessed the qualities of good leadership. |
| jizya | Refers to one method of how the gov’t of Dar-al-Islam generated revenue; refers to the “non-believer” tax that non-Muslims had to pay, although they could were granted religious tolerance. |
| Majapahit | Name of one of the Hindu-Buddhist sea-based trading empire that generated revenue for their empires by controlling the shipping lanes through the strait of Malacca, as well as access to the spice islands.(bonus point if both are named) |
| split inheritance | all titles and political power went to successor; but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendants for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy. |
| Mandate of Heaven | A political theory of ancient China (dev by Zhou) in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source; allowed for power to transfer from one ruling family (dynasty) to another ruling family (a new dynasty) relatively smoothly; |
| harems | the separate part of a Muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, and female servants. |
| Shia | smaller branch of Islam that believed Islamic leadership should pass to the descendants of Muhammad & Ali; these leaders would be Imam |
| diasporic | Due to the seasonal winds of the monsoons, many merchants established communities and married local women as they waited for the change in direction of sailing winds. |
| Hangzhou | capital of the Song Dynasty |
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burkart_k
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