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Latin American Terms
Latin America
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Peninsulares | Ran government and politics; top of society |
Creoles | Ran economy; people with a blend of American culture with African/Indian influences; second ranked in society |
Mestizos | European and Indian mix; third ranked in society |
Mullato | European and African mix; fourth ranked in society |
Zambo | African and Indian; bottom of society |
Casta Paintings | Painting from Spain that showed the racial mixing and classes in the New World - late 1700s |
Mercantillism | Mother country takes all importing goods from its colonies and sells for more that they buy it for, quickly gaining money. Colonies can only trade with the mother country. |
Cash Crops | Tobacco, sugar, etc; brought land owners lots of money but peasants nothing |
Import | Products brought into a country to sell |
Export | Product brought out of your country to sell |
Trade Deficit | Exports are worth less than imports, therefore a country's business or gov't has to spend more than it earns |
Peonage | System where free workers were paid in vouchers at their employers stores (serfdom, share-cropping) |
Caudillo | Dictator, ran country when people of power didn't know how |
Gran Colombia | Currently Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador. Bolivar and San Martin fought together to free Gran Colombia |
United Providences of Central America | Currently Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and Costa Rica. Once Iturbide was finally overthrown their independence was official |
Bolivar | Leader of revolt against Spanish rule that led to the independence of Gran Colombia |
San Martin | Led an army through the Andes to free Chile, then teamed up with Bolivar to free Gran Colombia |
Hidalgo | Priest, gathered peasants to rebel against Spanish, started Mexico's independence goal |
Morelos | Led the Mexican revolt 4 more years after Hidalgo |
Iturbide | A creole that defeated Morelos to achieve independence for Mexico himself |
Monroe Doctrine | Document that ordered Europe not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere |
Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine | Roosevelt expanded Monroe Doctrine to prevent European intervention: The Western Hemisphere cannot be colonized by Europe |
Plain Amendment | Treaty between the US and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba's independence from foreign intervention. |
Dollar Diplomacy | Policy whose goal was to make US law look better in different countries. |
Mexican-American War | Westward expansion led to fighting Mexico in war. After 2 years, it was resolved by treaty of Guadeloupe. |
Spanish-American War | Conflict between US and Spain ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in US acquisition of territories in western Pacific and Latin America. |
Military Occupation of LA Countries | US greatly encouraged independence of Latin America. |
Panama Canal | Panama Canal was "built" by Roosevelt for use of navy to sail quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. |