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Dev. Psych Exam 2
On content from the 2nd 3rd, 9/28-10/26
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Middle Childhood: Physical Development | Growth is slow and steady, gaining 2-3" and ~5lbs per year |
| Middle Childhood: Physical Problems | Childhood Obesity & Bedwetting |
| Organized Sports Advantages | Good time management, bigger circle of friends, gets children outside, learn teamwork |
| Organized Sports Disadvantages | Parental politics, pressure from/bad coaches, expensive, divides couples |
| Piaget Stage 3: Concrete Operations | Develop logic & spatial relationships |
| IQ Formula | [Mental Age (MA) over Cognitive Age (CA)] *100 |
| Intelligence Tests | Measure verbal skills, math skills, spacial relationships, and short-term memory |
| Aptitude Tests | Measure capacity to learn (ex IQ tests, SATs) |
| Achievement Tests | Measure knowledge gained (ex GPA, subject tests) |
| Middle Childhood Friendships | from ages 7-11, kid social circles branch out (student, team member, friend) |
| Psychosexual Stage 4: Latency Stage | Instinctual energies hibernate, storing up for puberty (the "calm before the storm") Where the parent/child bond is cemented |
| Psychosocial Stage 4: Industry vs Inferiority | Industrious children are productive, ^ confidence Inferior kids are unproductive, less confidence |
| Social Comparisons | Popular kids had cool stuff, were athletic, were smart (but not too smart), and were cute Rejects had braces/a cast, were nerds, were smelly, etc |
| Bullying in Boys | They physically fight, but they (generally) don't hold grudges and let things go |
| Bullying in Girls | Girls tend to gossip about others and exclude them, and they hold long grudges |
| Sense of Self: Middle Childhood | Looks, abilities, "stuff" + academics and friendship |
| Id | The "animal branch", sexual/aggressive drives and desires, operates on the "pleasure principle" |
| Ego | the "Executive branch", the decision maker, job is to find a safe/socially acceptable way to satisfy id, logic rather than morals |
| Superego | The "Moral Branch" |
| Rationalization | making acceptable excuses for behavior, defense mechanism |
| Repression | pushing painful information/memories out of the conscious awareness, defense mechanism |
| Regression | Reverting to child-like behavior, defense mechanism |
| Denial | Refusal to acknowledge/accept scary information, defense mechanism |
| Displacement | Shifting feelings from "real target" to "safe target", venting, defense mechanism |
| Projection | Accusing someone else of something you're doing, defense mechanism |
| Sublimation | Turning unacceptable traits into socially acceptable behaviors, defense mechanism |
| Reaction Formation | "Whitewashing" behavior, attempting to convince others of "purity", defense mechanism |
| Boundaries | the invisible line that defines appropriate roles in a relationship |
| Authoritarian Home | a dictatorship, with many strict rules and punishments. There is poor communication but the boundaries are upheld. Children are obedient when young, rebellious as teens, often have anger and communication issues |
| Authoritative Home | democracy, with fair and loving rules that encourage communication and independence. Warm and nurturing, and most often co-parents. Children are self-responsible, with better self-control and communication skills, and independent. |
| Permissive Home | Few, unenforced rules with no consequences and no expectations. Lots of communication, but boundaries are violated. Children lack self control and respect for authority, and are often immature, demanding, and manipulative |
| Neglectful Home | "Homelife B", a BAD HOME. Increased risk with increased SES |
| Parenting Style Factors | Family of origin, age, the parent's personality, and their religiosity. |
| Alcoholism | A "family disease" (effects everyone in the family), and strongly genetic |
| Warning Signs for Alcoholism | drink to recover from drinking, lie about/hide drinking, often black-out drunk, anything that compromises their life |
| Children of Alcoholics | 4x as likely to develop alcoholism, angry and insecure, have an excessive sense of responsibility and a savior complex, often feel guilty and invisible. |
| First Born Traits | High achievers, leaders, organized, people pleasers, high need for approval, perfectionists, responsible, rule keepers, under more pressure, "guinea pigs" |
| Middle Child Traits | Competitive, flexible, outgoing, peacemakers, negotiators, loyal, and the best marital bet |
| "Baby" Child Traits | Spoiled, attention seeking, affectionate, later bloomers, socially charming, impatient, manipulative |
| Only Child Traits | Confident, creative, demanding, high achievers, independent, mature, attention seeking, critical, often lonely, sheltered, poor conflict skills |
| Divorce Rates and Correlations | First marriage = 42-45%, Second marriage = 60% Correlations: Positive for longevity, positive for social acceptance, positive for hedonism, positive for increased economic independence of women, and positive for use of social media |
| Divorce Process | The years leading up to the divorce are the most devastating, as the parents become "emotionally unavailable" to their children |
| Divorce Effects on Children: Age | Less than 5 years - very few memories, protected 6-11 years - blame themselves/fear abandonment 12-16 years - act "unphased" but deeply affected 17-20 years - more understanding |
| Divorce Effects on Children: Gender | Boy children are generally hit harder by divorce, as they aren't socially allowed to feel bad about it |
| Advice to Divorcing Parents | Protect kids from boundary violations (via bashing the other parent, putting the kid in the middle as a mediator, making them choose one parent or the other, or sharing inappropriate information) and don't make unkeepable promises |
| Blended Family Problems | often fall victim to the idea that "blood is thicker than water", and commonly have sibling rivalries |
| Physical Development in Adolescence: Boys | ~ age 13, testosterone causes genital development, develop body/facial hair, voice changes |
| Physical Development in Adolescence: Girls | ~ age 11, estrogen causes breast and uterine development, body hair, and the onset of menstruation |
| Early Maturing Girls | All cons (risk of earlier sexual activity, more self-conscious, attention of older boys) correlations to earlier maturity in females: increasing obesity rates, hormones in meat and milk, and sexual imagery in the media |
| Early Maturing Boys | All pros (better at athletics, more popular, more confident) |
| Piaget Stage 4: Formal Operations | Develop hypothetical reasoning, egocentrism comes back |
| The Cognitive Distortions | Imaginary Audience (very self-conscious, easily embarrassed) Personal Fable (overly dramatic) Sense of Invincibility (cannot see the consequences of choices, often leads to reckless behavior) |
| Psychosocial Stage 5: Identity vs Role Confusion | When adolescents have identity, they have a strong sense of self + clear boundaries When they are role confused, they are chameleons, with blurry boundaries |
| The Search for Identity | teens "try on hats", one of the 2 tasks of the teen years |
| Quest for Independence | One of the 2 tasks of the teen years, the tighter the bond the greater the struggle for independence Common parental mistakes are not giving enough freedom, bailing teens out, and invading their privacy |
| Typical Teen Behaviors | increased moodiness, argumentativeness, and need for privacy with decreased affection driven by biology |
| Passion | One of 3 traits of romantic love, the physical portion of attraction. "falling in love", the easy/fun part |
| Intimacy | One of 3 traits of romantic love, communication and trust, the hard part |
| Commitment | One of the 3 traits of romantic love, builds over time and constantly increases |
| Secure Attachment in Relationships | Secure in themselves, don't run from intimacy but know how to give space |
| Anxious Attachment in Relationships | Fall hard and fast, often clingy and demanding of attention to the point of being smothering |
| Avoidant Attachment in Relationships | "Runners", they run away from any form of intimacy |
| Problems in Relationships | Online stuff, lack of trust, jealousy (when it morphs into a need to control), breaking up and getting back together, and the mixed expectations of sex in relationships |
| Sex's Effect on Relationships | Changes expectations (in M/F, women expect more attention/commitment/respect, men expect more sex) expectations are often high, while reality is low |
| Ending the Relationship | Worried about wrong decision, invested, you love them and don't want to hurt them, the relationship is comfortable, you love their family End the relationship quickly and smoothly, rather than drawing it to a painful and slow death |
Created by:
lilyowens125
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