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Unit 5 WH SHS

Independence Movements

TermDefinition
Louis XVI king of France in the 1770s and 1780s, known for his extravagant spending and being executed in the French Revolution
Tennis Court Oath pledge by Third Estate delegates to meet until they created a new constitution
National Assembly New governing body created by the France’s Third Estate ; replaced Estates General
Maximilien Robespierre The Jacobin leader who ruled over the Reign of Terror, in which thousands of French citizens were executed
Reign of Terror period from mid1793-1794 when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed
Napoleon Bonaparte military leader who became Emperor of France after the French Revolution; created set of laws called the Napoleonic Code; tried to take over Europe and failed
Toussaint L’Ouverture leader of Haitian Independence – former slave.
Simon Bolivar Creole Venezuelan general Won independence for Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador
Jose de San Martin Argentine Creole Won independence for Argentina, Chile and Peru
Father Miguel Hidalgo started Mexican independence movement, followers were mestizos and natives.
Articles of Confederation first official government of the United States; weak because the states had all the power
US Constitution Document that created the current system of government based on Montesquieu's 3 branches of government
Bill of Rights first 10 amendments to the Constitution; protects individual rights
1st Estate Clergy, could hold political power too. Owned 10% of land; was 1% of population
2nd Estate Nobles, could hold political power. Owned 20% of the land; was 2% of population
3rd Estate 97% of population of France. Paid nearly all the taxes. Broken up into 3 groups: Bourgeoisie, City-Workers, Peasants
Marquis de Lafayette French soldier who helped America during the American Revolution; moderate leader during the French Revolution
Georges Danton Moderate leader during the French Revolution; executed during the Reign of Terror
Jean-Paul Marat Radical leader during the Reign of Terror; assassinated by Charlotte Corday
Charlotte Corday Conservative supporter who assassinated Marat hoping to end the violence; executed during Reign of Terror
Olympe de Gouges author of Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen; executed during the Reign of Terror
Policarpa Salavarrieta Woman who helped Colombian independence by spying on the Spanish. Captured and executed
Jose Maria Morelos follower of Hidalgo who tried to create a new government for Mexico, but was eventually captured by royalist (Spanish supporting) forces. He was executed in 1815.
Tupac Amaru II Peruvian man who led a rbellion against Spanish rule. Captured and executed in 1781
Jean-Jacques Dessalines 1st emperor of Haiti - led independence after L'Ouverture was killed. His heavy handed rule led to rebellions which eventually led to his death.
Storming of the Bastille July 14th 1789; French mob attacks federal prison, executes the guards and mayor; considered French Independence Day
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Document written by the National Assembly; declaring equality for all; freedom of speech, assembly, press, religion; inspired by DoI and Enlightenment ideas
French and Indian War (1754-1763) – England/(Native American allies and colonists) vs France/Indians (Native American allies); England wins with help of colonists. Then taxes colonists to pay for war debt. Part of the Seven Years War in Europe
Committee of Public Safety Government of France during the Reign of Terror. Led by Robespierre. Purpose was to protect the revolution from all enemies (foreign and domestic).
Created by: AGilstrap47
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