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Dysphagia Quiz 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is difficulty in moving food from the mouth to the stomach and is caused by a breakdown in one or all three of the phases of swallow (oral, pharyngeal and esophageal)? | Dysphagia |
| What are the causes of dysphagia? | Vascular accident Infectious disease Trauma or toxicity Anoxia or allergy Metabolic, iron deficiency Idiopathic or iatrogenic no known cause, accident Neoplasms, cancer, tumors Degenerative |
| What is a small round mass of substances like chewed good or a bit or something moving throughout the digestive tract? | Bolus |
| What does PO mean? | Per oral or by mouth |
| What does NPO mean? | Not per oral or nothing by mouth |
| What is the movement of material (food, secretions) into the areas above the level of the vocal folds? | Penetration |
| What is the movement of material into the areas below the level of vocal cords and into the upper airway? | Aspiration |
| Aspiration pneumonia can be a concern for what type of patients? | Medically fragile patients |
| What is pain when swallowing? | Odynophagia |
| What is a factor when we talk about swallowing? | Cognition |
| Aspiration risk with dysphagia is due to? | Structural and/or physiological deficits |
| What is it called when food is left behind in the mouth or the pharynx (stasis)? | Residue |
| When there is residue what can be the cause? | Something structurally or physiologically is wrong that causes the bolus to get stuck or if the muscles aren't strong enough |
| What is it called when food from the esophagus goes into the pharynx and/or from the pharynx into the nasal cavity (retrograde)? | Backflow, GERD or LPR |
| What phase of the swallow is it when liquid or food goes into your mouth and becomes a bolus in your oral cavity? | Oral Phase |
| What phase of a swallow is it when the bolus comes and crosses where the tonsils are or where it triggers a pharyngeal swallow and travels down the pharynx? | Pharyngeal Phase |
| What phase of a swallow is it when the bolus reaches the esophagus and travels into the stomach? | Esophageal Phase |
| What are some symptoms of dysphagia? | Coughing during /after eating, Choking, Pain with swallow, Frequent upper respiratory infections/pneumonia Regurgitation Inability to recognize foods Secretion management Malnutrition/dehydration Wet/gurgley vocal quality Silent aspiration |
| What are some medical complications of dysphagia? | Opportunistic or when individuals with other medical conditions are at more of a risk to develop and infection Malnutrition, dehydration, respiratory compromise and death. |
| What are some social/emotional complications of dysphagia? | Compromised quality of life, social isolations/withdrawals, anxiety related to swallowing, denial/adjustment, family affected |
| What does the oral cavity include? | From the lips to the nasopharynx Lips, teeth, hard palate, soft palate, uvula, mandible, floor of mouth and tongue. |
| What are dental occlusions? | The process of bringing the upper and lower teeth into contact. Class I is normal Class II is overbite, upper teeth and jaw overlap at the bottom Class III is underbite, mandible is advanced farther than maxilla |
| What is is called when mechanisms (hard and soft palate) close off an area to make it smaller and in return increase the pressure? | Valving |
| What innervates muscles for chewing? | The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve |
| If there is damage to the trigeminal nerve the patient will have difficulty with? | Chewing |
| What are the muscles for chewing? | Masseter, temporalis and pterygoid |
| What muscle closes the mandible? | Masseter |
| What muscle moves the mandible up, forward or backward? | Temporalis |
| What muscle closes, opens and permits side to side movement? | Pterygoid |
| What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue for? | More fine movements of the tongue and speech. |
| What are the names of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? | Superior longitudinal Inferior longitudinal Transverse lingualis Vertical lingualis |
| What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue for? | Larger bigger movements of the tongue. |
| What are the names of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? | Genioglossus Posterior fibers Anterior fibers Styloglossus Palatalglossus Hypoglossus |
| What extrinsic muscle helps the tongue go in an out and is the strongest and largest? | Genioglossus |
| What extrinsic muscle protrudes the tongue and presses the tip against the teeth and alveolar ridge? | Posterior fibers |
| What extrinsic muscle retracts the tongue and brings the tongue downward? | Anterior fibers |
| What extrinsic muscle brings the tongue upward and backward and brings the sides of the tongue upward? | Styloglossus |
| What extrinsic muscle lowers the soft palate, raises the back of the tongue and prevents aspiration? | Palatalglossus |
| What extrinsic muscle retracts and depresses the tongue? | Hypoglossus |
| The muscles of what part of the oral cavity are important for speech because we have nasal and non nasal sounds and stops air and food? | Muscles of the velum |
| What are the names of the muscles of the velum? | Elevators Tensors Depressors |
| What is the primary muscles of the velum? | Elevators |
| What velum muscle lowers the soft palate? | Depressor |
| What velum muscles tenses and flattens out the soft palate? | Tensor |
| What does the pharynx include? | Nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, base of tongue, posterior pharyngeal wall, epiglottis, hyoid bone and laryngel area. |
| What does the nasopharynx include? | Nasal cavity and pharyngeal wall |
| What does the oropharynx include? | From the floor of the mouth to the hyoid bone. |
| What is the food tube that includes the UES, LES, opens and closes contracts and attracts (peristalsis)? | Esophagus |
| What are the three parts of the spine? | Cervical, thoracic and lumbar |
| How many vertebrae are in the cervical? | 7, most of what we talk about in speech is in this area |
| In an adult what cervical are the vocal folds located? | Between 5 and 6 |
| What phase of the swallow is it when the bolus gets ready to move back, includes sensory input, labial seal, mastication, open airway and vocal folds and the material is made into a cohesive bolus? | Oral Prep Phase |
| What phase of the swallow is it when the bolus is transported posteriorly in a wave like motion, base of tongue pushes the bolus into superior position to prep, voluntary phase with labial grading? | Oral Phase |
| What is is called when the lips pull food from utensils? | Labial grading |
| What phase of the swallow is involuntary where the base of the tongue retracts and the pharyngeal wall squeezes with it to send the bolus down, vocal folds close, larynx goes up, and the main goal is airway protection? | Pharyngeal Phase |
| What phase of the swallow is it when the bolus enters the proximal esophagus the CP closes to prevent backflow, bolus is pushed through strained muscles and involuntary peristalsis and allows the bolus to enter the stomach? | Esophageal Phase |
| What systems control the muscles relaxing and contracting? | The nervous system |
| What do we need in order for us to have adequate movement? | Sensory and motor information |
| Where do voluntary motor commands to the muscles originate? | The brain |
| Where the the brain receive sensory information from? | The body |
| What are the lobes of the cerebral hemisphere? | Frontal, parietal, temporal and occiptial |
| What is the frontal lobe responsible for? | Cognition, motor and language structure |
| What is the parietal lobe responsible for? | Sensory and association |
| What is the cortex responsible for? | Initiating voluntary movements |
| What is the sub cortex responsible for? | Inhibits, modulates and dampens |
| What is the cerebellum responsible for? | Coordination |
| What are the brainstem and cranial nerves responsible for? | Executing movements |
| What type of cranial nerves do we have? | Bilateral |
| What is cranial nerve V? | Trigeminal and is both motor and sensory. Innervation of the mandible (jaw elevation) and the elevation of the larynx |
| If an individual has trouble chewing what nerve may be responsible? | Trigeminal nerve (V) |
| What is cranial nerve VII? | Facial Nerve and is both motor and sensory Innervation of the labial mechanism and buccinators for bolus containment, also involved in salivary flow. |
| If an individual has trouble keeping food in their mouth, weak muscle tone in the cheeks and lips and with drool what nerve may be responsible? | Facial nerve (VII) |
| What is cranial nerve IX? | Glossopharyngeal and is both motor and sensory Innervation of the pharynx to shorten and dilate for passage of the bolus, also responsible for salivary flow |
| If an individual has trouble with swallowing, pharyngeal constriction and regurgitation what nerve may be responsible? | Glossopharyngeal (IX) |
| What is cranial nerve X? | Vagus and is motor and sensory Innervation of the soft palate (velum) and all intrinsic laryngeal muscles (adduction of arytenoid cartilages, true vocal folds), adduct and abduct vocal folds |
| If an individual has trouble with speaking, loss or change of their voice and difficulty swallowing what nerve may be responsible? | Vagus (X) |
| What is cranial nerve XI? | Spinal accessory and is motor. Innervation for the velopharyngeal sphincteric action |
| If an individual has trouble with moving their neck, nasal sounds, speech issues and velopharyngeal insufiency what nerve may be responsible? | Spinal accessory (XI) |
| What is cranial nerve XII? | Hypoglossal nerve and is motor Innervation of the muscles of the tongue for bolus formation and transport. |
| If an individual has trouble with speaking, chewing, swallowing, tongue movements and movement of materials in the mouth what cranial nerve may be responsible? | Hypoglossal (XII) |
Created by:
jacklynsanabria
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