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Cranial Nerves 1-6
Cranial Nerve | Type | Innervation | Fxn | Origin | Exits Skull | Test for Lesion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 - Olfactory | sensory | nasal cavity | smell | telencephalon | cribiform plate (ethmoid bone)/ ACF | lack of smell |
2- Optic | sensory | orbit | sight | diencephalon | optic canal/ MCF | lack of sight |
3- Occulomotor | motor and parasympathetic | orbit | motor- raises eyelids and adducts eye. parasymp- contricts pupil and accomodates eye | midbrain (edinger-westphal nucleus) | superior orbital fissure/ MCF | cannot adduct eye |
4- Trochlear | motor | orbit | depresses and abducts eye, intorts eye | midbrain (trochlear nucleus) | superior orbital fissure/ MCF | cannot intort eye |
V1- Ophthalmic (trigeminal) | sensory | orbit, scalp | sensory of forehead, scalp, cornea | pons | superior orbital fissure/ MCF | lack of sensory to forehead |
V2- Maxillary (trigeminal) | sensory | pterygopalatine fossa | sensations of maxillary face, maxillary teeth, nasal cavity and palate | pons | foramen rotundum/ MCF | lack of sensation to maxilla/ nasal cavity |
V3- Mandible (trigeminal) | sensory/ motor | infratemporal fossa | sensory- mandible, mandibular teeth, general sensation of anterior 2/3 tongue. motor- muscles of mastication, tensor muscles of neck/face | pons | foramen ovale/ MCF | inability to chew food/ feel touch on tongue |
6- Abducent | motor | orbit | abduct the eye | pons | superior orbital fissure/ MCF | cannot horizontally gaze |