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Psych Unit 3
Parts of the Brain
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Phrenology | Studying the bumps in a person's head to see their abilities or characteristics. |
| Localization of Function | Different areas of the brain do different things. |
| Biological Psychology | Studying the links between biological and psychological processes. |
| Biopsychological systems | Biology, Psychology, and sociology all link together. |
| Neurons | A nerve cell, the building blocks of the nervous system. |
| Dendrites | (listens) Bushy fibers that receive information and sends it to the cell body. |
| Axon | (Speaks) A fiber that sends the message to other neurons, muscles, or glands. |
| Myelin Shield | Fatty tissue incasing the axon, speeds up the impulses. |
| Action Potential | A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. |
| Multiple Sclerosis | The myelin shield deteriates which leads to lack of communication, which leads to loss of muscle controls. |
| Depolarizes | The positive ions from outside the axon flow inside the axon to the negative ions, depolarizing. |
| Refractory Period | A period of inactivity after a neuron has fired. |
| Excitatory | Pushing the neuron's excelerator. |
| Inhibitory | Pushing the neuron's break. |
| Threshold | The level of stimulation needed to trigger a neural impulse. |
| All or none response | A neuron will either fire or not, it doesn't have more intensity based on the stimulis. |
| Synapse | The tiny gap between a neurons axon and another neurons dendrite. |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers that travel across the synapse. |
| Reuptake | The sending neuron reabsorbs the neurotransmitters. |
| Endorphin | A natural morphine in the body that eases pain and gives pleasure. |
| Agonist | Found in drugs works as a neurotransmitter to create a temporary high. |
| Antagonists | Binds to receptors while blocking neurotransmitters. |
| Nervous System | The electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems. |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | The brain and spinal cord, makes decisions. |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. Communicates. |
| Nerves | Bundled axons that form neural "cables" that connect the CNS with the muscles, glands, and sense organs. |
| Sensory (afferent) neurons | Carry sensory receptor info to the CNS. |
| Motor (efferent) neurons | Carry info from the CNS to the muscles and glands. |
| Interneurons | Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs. |
| Somatic Nervous System | (Skeletal nervous system) The part of PNS that controls your skeletal system. |
| Autonomic nervous system (ANS) | The part of PNS that controls glands and muscles of internal organs. |
| Sympathetic nervous system | Arouses or expends energy. Part of the ANS. |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | Conserving energy. |
| Neural Networks | Work groups the brains neurons cluster into. |
| Reflexes | Simple, automatic responses to sensory stimulus. (A knee jerk response) |
| Endocrine System | The body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secretes hormones into the blood stream. |
| Horomones | Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands and travel through the blood stream to effect other tissue. |
| Adrenal Glands | Endocrine glands above the kidneys, secrete hormones that arouse the body at times of stress (epinephrine and norepinephrine) |
| Pituitary Glands | Endocrine's most influential gland. Under the hypothalamus the gland regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. |
| Lesion | A naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue. |
| EEG (Electroencephalogram) | A amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain's surface. Measured by electrodes placed on the scalp. (Brain function) |
| CT scan (Computed tomography) | X-rays of the brain to detect damage. (Anatomy) |
| PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography) | A visual of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain preforms a task. (Brain Function) |
| MRI | Reveals brain structure, functional MRI reveals brain function. |
| BrainStem | Oldest and most central part of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; it is responsible for automatic survival functions. |
| Pons | Helps coordinate movement. |
| Medulla | Controls pumping of the heart and breathing. |
| Thalamus | The brains sensory control center, on top of the brainstem. |
| Reticular Formation | A nerve network that travels through the brain stem, controls arousal. |
| Cerebellum | "little brain" processes sensory input, coordinates movement output and balance, and enables non-verbal learning. |
| Limbic System | neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; controls emotions and drives. |
| Amygdala | neural clusters linked to emotions. |
| Hypothalamus | A neural structure below the thalamus. Directs, eating, drinking, and body temperature. Governs the endocrine system, and is linked to emotion and reward. |
| Hippocampus | Process conscious memories. |
Created by:
emag
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