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APUSH Chapter 8 Term
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Albert Gallatin | The secretary of treasury from 1801-1814. Born in Switzerland, he would later become Minister to France and to Great Britain. He was a prominent Democratic-Republican and founder of NYU. Under Jefferson, he helped repeal taxes and decrease spending by clo |
| Judiciary Act of 1801 | Passed by Federalists right before Jefferson took office, it reduced the number of supreme court justices from six to five. This prevented Jefferson from quickly appointing a new justice, which would end the Federalist-only branch. The so-called "midnight |
| John Marshall | The Chief Justice appointed by Adams to head an entirely Federalist bench. He was the first to establish and assert the powers of the Supreme Court. He made Jefferson upset when he lectured Madison on moral values during the Marbury v. Madison case. Despi |
| Marbury v. Madison | JUDICIARY REVIEW - On John Adams's final day in office, he appointed Federalist William Marbury to serve as the justice of the peace in the District of Columbia. Adams failed to deliver Marbury's commission before midnight and Madison, the secretary of st |
| Louisiana Purchase | The Louisiana Territory, the area of North America between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi, had been passed between France and Spain. In 1800 it was given back to France under Napoleon, who sold the territory to the United States in 1803. Jefferso |
| Lewis & Clark Expedition, Sacajawea | The Lewis and Clark Expedition was led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory. Jefferson instructed Lewis to trace the Missouri River to its source, cross the western highlands, and follow the best water route to the Paci |
| Burr Conspiracy | Burr Conspiracy- Aaron Burr's attempt to detach the Western states and the Louisiana Territory from the Union. Aaron Burr defeated and killed Hamilton in a duel. It resulted in Burr being put on trial for treason. |
| 12th Amendment | The Twelfth Amendment requires a person to receive a majority of the electoral votes for vice president for that person to be elected vice president by the Electoral College. If no candidate for vice president has a majority of the total votes, the Senate |
| Impressment | The practice of forcing civilians into military service. It was used widely by the British and antagonized Americans in the years leading up to the war of 1812. The British treated the sailors horribly and Americans valued the way they treated their sailo |
| HMS Leopard | was a British ship that patrolled off of Virgina and attacked an unsuspecting American frigate USS Chesapeake and forced it to surrender. The British then boarded the vessel and seized 4 supposed deserters. This enraged Americans. |
| Embargo of 1807 | This law prohibited vessels from leaving American ports from foreign ports. Technically it prohibited only exports, but its practical effect was to stop imports as well for a foreign ships would venture into American ports if they had to leave without car |
| Macon's Bill #2 | “An Act concerning the commercial intercourse between the United States and Great Britain and France” became law on 1 May 1810. The statute, which became known as Macon's Bill No. 2, prohibited British or French warships from entering American harbors or |
| Warhawks/Henry Clay/John C. Calhoun | War Hawk, in U.S. history, any of the expansionists primarily composed of young Southerners and Westerners elected to the U.S. Congress in 1810, whose territorial ambitions in the Northwest and Florida inspired them to agitate for war with Great Britain. |
| Tecumseh, the Prophet, Battle of Tippecanoe | Battle of Tippecanoe, (November 7, 1811), victory of a seasoned U.S. expeditionary force under Major General William Henry Harrison over Shawnee Indians led by Tecumseh's brother Laulewasikau (Tenskwatawa), known as the Prophet. The battle took place at P |
| Perry & Battle of Lake Erie | Battle of Lake Erie, (Sept. 10, 1813), major U.S. naval victory in the War of 1812, ensuring U.S. control over Lake Erie and precluding any territorial cession in the Northwest to Great Britain in the peace settlement. On Sept. 10, 1813, Master Commandant |
| Treaty of Ghent | Treaty of Ghent, (Dec. 24, 1814), agreement in Belgium between Great Britain and the United States to end the War of 1812 on the general basis of the status quo antebellum (maintaining the prewar conditions). Because the military positions for each side w |
| Andrew Jackson, Battle of New Orleans | Andre Jackson, also known as “Old Hickory,” was a fierce Indian fighter in the Battle of New Orleans. When the British army descend on New Orleans and attacked the city, Jackson, was able to successfully stop the redcoats advancing on him and his troops. |
| Hartford Convention | the meeting of the Federalist party in 1814 that resulted in a declaration calling the federal government to protect New England and save it from becoming a permanent minority within the nation. It proposed: the abolishment of the three-fifth clause, requ |
| Era of Good Feelings | a period from 1812-1825 that captured American’s hope of partisan and unity after the War of 1812. During this time, there was a temporary end to the two-party system as Federalist Party died out after the war. The Democratic-Republicans enjoyed this rise |
| Dartmouth College v. Woodward; McCullough v. Maryland | These two cases were issued by John Marshall, chief justice, in 1819. The first cause, Dartmouth College v. Woodward concluded that New Hampshire’s contract was unconstitutional as they attempt to install a new board of trustees for Dartmouth College. Ac |
| Missouri Compromise | congressional agreements that resolved the crisis between the North and South over slavery. President Monroe signed off on an agreement that admitted Missouri into the union as a slave state and Maine as a free state. This was done to not upset the balanc |
| John Quincy Adams | son of last federalist president, John Adams. JQA was the only federalist in the Senate to support the Louisiana Purchase, and later became a very passionate Democratic - Republican. He was very quick to strengthen out peace with Great Britain. |
| Rush-Bagot Treaty | signed by JQA in 1817 which demilitarized the Great Lakes to where the two powers could each maintain only one vessel and cannon on the lakes. As a result, tensions were drastically reduced and both economies began to rebuild significantly. |
| Convention of 1818 | fixed the boundary between Canada and the U.S. and also restored fishing rights to Americans off Newfoundland which they had before the War of 1812. Adams-Onis Treaty: Under this treaty, Spain surrendered East Florida to the U.S. renounced its claims t |
| Monroe Doctrine | a message to Europe delivered by President James Monroe warning Europeans that any attempt at further colonization in the Americas will not be tolerated and that America will not interfere with European affairs. The doctrine was created out of fear that |
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