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Stack #359960

Ch. 18 The Later Middle Ages

QuestionAnswer
excommunicate cast out from the church
Emperor Henry IV fought over the power to choose church officials
King Richard I earned others' respect for his bravery and his fairness
Black Death deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351
clergy church officials
Saladin Muslim general who led Muslim forces during the Third Crusade
natural law a law that people believed God had created to govern how the world operated
Pope Urban II called Christians to launch the First Crusade
Holy Land region where Jesus lived, preached, and died
Magna Carta document signed by King John that required the king to honor certain rights
Crusades series of wars between Christians and Muslims for control of Holy Land
Parliament lawmaking body that governs England
Pope Gregory VII fought with the Holy Roman Emperor over power of church officials
Hundred Years' War long conflict between England and France
religious order a group of people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules
Francis of Assisi Italian saint, he encouraged people to be kind to others and founded the Franciscan Order
friars people who belonged to religious orders but lived and worked among the general public
Thomas Aquinas Dominican philosopher, he argued that rational thought could be used to support Christian belief
Joan of Arc French peasant girl, she rallied the French troops during the Hundred Years' War
heresy religious ideas that oppose accepted church teachings
Reconquista efforts to retake Spain from the Muslim Moors
authority power, right to rule
policy rule, course of action
Spanish Inquisition an organization of priests that looked for and punished anyone in Spain suspected of secretly practicing their old religion
King Ferdinand King of Spain, he and his wife Isabella completed the Reconquista. They forced Jews in Spain to become Christians or leave and banned Islam
Queen Isabella Queen of Spain, she helped complete the Reconquista. She and her husband banned Islam and forced all Jews in Spain to become Christian or leave. She also paid for the voyages of Christopher Columbus
Created by: KARENCROSBY
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