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Animal terminology

TermDefinition
Animal structure The physical parts that make up the animal.
Beef cattle Cattle developed primarily for the efficient production of meat and marked by capacity for rapid growth, heavy well-fleshed body, and stocky build.
Birth weight The weight of a calf taken within 24 hours after birth.
Breeder In most beef breed associations, the owner of the dam of a calf at the time she was mated or bred to produce that calf.
Bull An uncastrated male bovine.
Dystocia Abnormal or difficult labor, causing difficulty in delivering the fetus and/or placenta.
Calving season The season(s) of the year when the calves are born.
Calf A young bovine animal, especially a domestic cow or bull in its first year.
Castration The removal of the testicles of a male animal.
Cloven hoof The divided hoof or foot of ruminants such as cattle, sheep, goats, and deer.
Cow An adult female that has already calved one or more times.
Conformation the shape or structure of something, especially an animal.
Crossbreeding The mating of animals of different breeds or species.
Culling The process of eliminating less productive or less desirable cattle from a herd.
Dam The female parent.
Dairy cattle Cattle kept for milk production.
Dehorning The process of removing horns from cattle.
Dual-purpose Aaving breed characteristics that serve two purposes: dual-purpose cattle that supply milk and meat.
Environment All external, or non-genetic, conditions that influence the reproduction, production and carcass merit of cattle.
Embryo A fertilized ovum, or egg, in the earlier stages of prenatal development, usually prior to development of body parts.
Embryo transfer Removing fertilized ova, or embryos, from one cow and placing these embryos into other cows.
EPD Allowing animals within a breed to be compared for their genetic potential to produce a specific trait
Estrus The recurrent, restricted period of sexual receptivity in cows and heifers.
Genes The basic units of heredity that occur in pairs and have their effect in pairs in the individual.
Gestation The process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth.
Gestation period The length of Gestation; ranges from 279 to 287 days.
Heat synchronization Causing a group of cows or heifers to exhibit heat together at one time by artificial manipulation of the estrous cycle.
Heifer A female of the cattle species less than three years of age that has not born a calf.
Heredity The transmission of genetic or physical traits of parents to their offspring.
Horned cattle Cattle breeds that develop horns over their life-span.
Marbling The specks of fat distributed in muscular tissue.
Open A term commonly used to indicate a nonpregnant female.
Ovulation The release of the female sperm cell, or egg, by the ovary.
Pedigree A tabulation of names of ancestors, usually only those of the three to five closest generations.
Polled Naturally hornless cattle. Having no horns or scurs.
Puberty The age at which the reproductive organs become functionally operative and secondary sex characteristics begin to develop.
Purebred An animal of known ancestry within a recognized breed that is eligible for registry in the official herdbook of that breed.
Scrotal circumference A measure of testes size obtained by measuring the distance around the testicles in the scrotum with a circular tape.
Steer A male bovine animal that is castrated before sexual maturity.
Selection Causing or allowing certain individuals in a population to produce offspring in the next generation.
Sire The male parent.
USDA yield grade Measurements of carcass cutability categorized into numerical categories with 1 being the leanest and 5 being the fattest.
Udder The mammary gland of female cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and related animals, having two or more teats and hanging between the hind legs of the animal.
Veal Meat from a young calf.
Weight per day of age Weight of an individual divided by days of age.
Wean weights Used to evaluate differences in growth potential of calves and the milking ability of dams.
Created by: Benji_BBgun
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