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APHuG Unit 2
Population and Migration
Term | Definition |
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ecumene | the portion of earth´s surface occupied by permanent human settlement |
crude birth rate | the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society |
crude death rate | the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society |
physiological density | the number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture |
agricultural density | the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture |
carrying capacity | largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support |
population pyramid | a bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex |
dependency ratio | the number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force |
demographics | statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it |
natural increase rate | the percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate divided by 10 |
total fertility rate | the average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years |
infant mortality rate | the percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country |
doubling time | the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase |
demographic transition model | a sequence of demographic changes as a country becomes more industrialized in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time |
zero population growth | a decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero |
life expectancy | the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions |
epidemiologic transition | a model that explains that distinctive causes of death occur in each stage of the demographic transition model |
pandemic | disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population |
census | a complete enumeration of a population |
Malthusian theory | starvation is the inevitable result of population growth, because the population increases at a geometric rate while food supply can only increase arithmetically |
pro-natal policy | a plan in a country that aims to increase the birth rate |
anti-natal policy | a plan in a country that aims to reduce the birth rate |
contraception/birth control | the act of preventing pregnancy (medications, procedures, devices, and behaviors) |
migration | form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location |
emigration | migration from a location |
immigration | migration to a new location |
net migration | the difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration |
push factor | a factor that draws or attracts people to another location |