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VET115-Lg. Animal Dz

Bovine Parasites

TermDefinition
Economic Losses internal parasites have been estimated by the USDA at $2,500,000,000.
Internal Parasites -strongyles, lung worms, tapeworms, liver flukes trichomoniasis, coccidia.
Dx of Internal Parasites -clinical symptoms -fecal float -fecal sedimentation -Baerman Technique -larvated eggs -Antigen tests -direct smear/stains -ID at necropsy
Strongyles have many species (Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia Nematodirus, is ingested by cattle and penetrates mucosa of stomach/small intestine/large intestine.
Strongyle (CS, Dx, Tx, control) CS: diarrhea, severe anemia, bottle jaw, low wt, rough coat. Dx: flotation and centrifuge Tx: deworm, Ivermectin; Dectomax, Thiabendazole must hold 30 days and discard 8 milkings, tetramisole injectable hold 2 days. Control: Tx and pasture management
Lungworms (and CS) slender white nematodes, ingested by animal and penetrate intestinal mucosa, go into heart and circulatory system, mature in lungs. Cattle/sheep are hosts. CS: bronchitis, tracheitis, coughing, pneumonia
Lungworms (Dx, Tx, control) Dx: Baerman technique for larvae, fecal float, worms in necropsy. Tx: Ivermectin (common), Doramectin, Eprinomectin, Moxidectin, Levamisole, Fenbendazole. Control: proper management and keep animals away from wet swampy ground.
Liver Flukes (and CS) greenish flat leaf like trematodes. Eggs are large and yellow-brown. Host are cattle/sheep, intermediate host is snails. CS: anemia, wt loss, decreased performance, death
Liver Flukes (Dx + Tx) Dx: sedimentation, flukes found at necropsy, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Tx: control wet areas, Clorsulon, Nitroxynil, Rafoxanide
Liver Fluke Life Stage -eggs from feces hit water to develop -Miracidium leaves egg and penetrates snail -Changes in cercaria that's ingested by animal -Goes into intestinal track + liver -Forms calcified cyst in the animal
Tapeworms (CS, Dx, Tx) parasite in cattle/sheep, CS: usually non-pathogenic Dx: fecal float, centrifuge, proglottids in feces, adults present at necropsy. Tx: control mites, Fenbendazoles.
Coccidia (and CS) Eimeria sp, is a protozoan parasite, host is young cattle/sheep. Found in small intestine. CS: thin watery bloody diarrhea, wt loss, soiled tail/hind quarters, severe straining, dehydration in young animals.
Coccidia (Dx + Tx) Dx: fecal float, centrifuge,, hemorrhagic lesions on necropsy. Tx: Sulfonamides, Monensin, older animals usually become resistant to this parasite.
Trichomoniasis bull is a carrier of this parasite, lives on surface of penis/prepuce. Causes abortion. Dx: clinical symptoms, Elisa test Tx: rest cows for 2-3 cycles, eliminate infected bulls purchase virgin bulls for breeding.
Ectoparasites external parasites, control by sprays or pour-on products. Some not recommended for Brahmans and some exotic breeds.
Hypoderma (Warble flies, Heel flies) host: cattle, sometimes horses economic costs: most economically important external parasite Species: H. bovis H. lineata
Hypoderma Life Cycle -adults don't feed, lays eggs in spring on legs and rump -eggs hatch and larva migrate =larva live on back in skin -drop off, pupate in ground.
Pathogenesis the manner of development of a disease.
Hypoderma (pathogenesis, CS, Dx, Tx) pathogenesis: perforations in the skin, damage to organs, "anaphylactic" shock CS: swelling on back, up to 200-300, poor wt, paralysis, esophagitis Dx: Warbles, swelling on dorsum Tx: pour-on Iverectin, Dectomax
Mange (CS, Dx, Tx) host: cattle and goats CS: hair loss, pruritus,, excoriation, thickened skin. Dx: skin scrape Tx: quarantining, Ivermectin and Dectoma pour ons, sprays/dusts/injectables Reportable in some states.
Types of Mange -chorioptic (most common) -psoroptic -sarcoptes
Lice small non=flying insects. Mallophaga bite and Anoplura suck
Grubs larva that make a hole in the hide of cattle.
Created by: Riley.Scherf
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