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1942B US History
Second Semester US History Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| FDR’s main goals in fighting the depression | President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans |
| Causes of the Great Depression | the stock market crash of 1929; the collapse of world trade due to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff; government policies; bank failures and panics; and the collapse of the money supply |
| Years of the Great Depression | August 1929 – March 1933 |
| New Deal | The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939 |
| Shanty Towns | A shanty town or squatter area is a settlement of improvised buildings known as shanties or shacks, typically made of materials such as mud and wood. |
| What event brought an end to the Great Depression? | Mobilizing the economy for world war finally cured the depression. |
| Impact of Roosevelt’s fireside chats? | The fireside chats enabled Roosevelt to connect with Americans in an unprecedented way—an ability that likely contributed to his historic four presidential victories. |
| Why did voters vote for Roosevelt over Hoover? | Roosevelt emphasized working collectively through an expanded federal government to confront the economic crisis, a contrast to Hoover's emphasis on individualism. |
| Why was the New Deal a turning point in U. S. history? | New Deal programs helped improve the lives of people suffering from the events of the depression. In the long run, New Deal programs set a precedent for the federal government to play a key role in the economic and social affairs of the nation. |
| Holocaust | The Holocaust, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. |
| How many Jews were killed during the Holocaust? | approximately six million European Jews |
| Other groups that were killed during the Holocaust | Jehovah's Witnesses, Roma (Gypsies), homosexuals, mentally deficient, mentally ill, and incurably ill |
| What religious group was killed by Germans in Concentration Camps? | Jews |
| Under German rule, before Concentration Camps, where were Jews forced to live? | the German authorities ordered the concentration and segregation of Jews into ghettos |
| Genocide | The deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group |
| What happened to Hitler in the end? | He committed suicide by swallowing a cyanide capsule and shooting himself in the head |
| In addition to the gas chambers, how did Nazis kill the Jewish population of Europe? | they were murdered in the killing centers either by asphyxiation with poison gas or by shooting. |
| During the Holocaust, how were families separated? | they were separated by age, gender, and working abilities |
| What is the name for the laws that began to take away the rights of German Jews? | Nürnberg Laws |
| Fascism | Fascism is a form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy that rose to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. |
| Democracy | Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so. |
| Blitzkrieg | a surprise attack using a rapid, overwhelming force concentration consisting of armored and motorized or mechanized infantry formations, has the intent to break through the opponent's lines of defense, and unbalance the enemy |
| Axis Powers | The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies. Its principal members were Nazi Germany, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Empire of Japan. |
| Why did United States decide to stay isolated from foreign affairs when WWII started? | In the 1920s and 1930s, the United States government emphasized neutrality, decreased the size of the military, and refrained from joining the League of Nations. |
| Pearl Harbor events | At 7:49 AM, the Japanese aerial commander orders the attack on Pearl Harbor. At 7:55 AM, the Coordinated attack on Pearl Harbor begins. At 8:10 AM, the USS Arizona explodes. At 8:17 AM, the Destroyer USS Helm fires at and sinks Japanese submarine at entra |
| Why did Great Britain and France declare war on Germany? | On September 3, 1939, in response to Hitler's invasion of Poland, Britain and France, both allies of the overrun nation declare war on Germany. |
| What event caused the U.S. to enter WWII? | the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor |
| Under what plan did the U. S. provided massive financial aid to rebuild European economies and prevent the spread of communism? | The United States instituted George C. Marshall's plan to rebuild Europe (the Marshall Plan) |
| Capitalist, Communist, Dictatorial, and Socialist meanings and which countries follow which ideals? | communism and socialism exist in China, Cuba, North Korea, Laos and Vietnam |
| Baby Boom | A significant increase in birth rates after WWII |
| Similarities between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War | The United States and the Soviet Union both feared each other and tried to influence other nations. |
| Cold War time period | March 12, 1947 – December 26, 1991 |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, which escalated into an international crisis when American deployments of missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of similar ballistic missiles in Cuba. |
| A state of tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union without actual fighting | civil war |
| Why could Lincoln not carry out his plan of Reconstruction? | The Radical Republicans opposed Lincoln's plan because they thought it too lenient toward the South. |
| The war that created divisiveness among Americans throughout the 1960s | The Civil War |
| How did women help in WWII? | They worked as nurses, drove trucks, repaired airplanes, and performed clerical work. |
| What kind of policy did Martin L. King, Jr., and other members of SCLC encouraged | Children provided the movement with some of its most powerful images, and the SCLC and King encouraged students to skip school to join sit-ins and marches. |
| Freedom Riders | Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals |
| Malcolm X | Malcolm X was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. |
| Sit-ins | A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. |
| Civil Rights and Martin Luther King, Jr. | In 1963, King and the SCLC worked with NAACP and other civil rights groups to organize the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which attracted 250,000 people to rally for the civil and economic rights of Black Americans in the nation's capital. |
| Vietnamization | a policy to end U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War through a program to "expand, equip, and train South Vietnamese forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops" |
| McCarthyism | McCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of subversion and treason, especially when related to communism and socialism |
| The Highway Act of 1956 | Created 41000 miles of expressways to connect major American cities. |
| The two nations divided at the 38th parallel | North and South Korea have been divided for more than 70 years, ever since the Korean Peninsula became an unexpected casualty of the escalating Cold War between two rival superpowers: the Soviet Union and the United States |
| Watergate | A major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. |
| How did Truman justified dropping the atomic bomb on Japan? | Truman believed that the bombs saved Japanese lives as well. Prolonging the war was not an option for the President. |
| The Manhattan Project | The Manhattan Project was the code name for the American-led effort to develop a functional atomic weapon during World War II. |
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