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Bone Study I
Intro forensic bone study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of the bones of the skeleton, including their names, placement, articulations with other bones, visible features, and so forth | Osteology |
| The study of dentition; this entails the recognition of the deciduous and permanent teeth as well as their placement in the mouth, their major features, and the variations seen in persons of different ancestry | Odontology |
| The position of the body, either standing or lying, with the arms arranged straight along the side and the palms of the hands facing forward. Legs are extended straight, with the feet arranged as though they were flat on the ground (as standing) | Standard Anatomical Position |
| The segment of bone that is the closest to the articulation point of the body, closest to the point of attachment | Proximal |
| Segment of bone that is farthest from the articulation point | Distal |
| Up; point or region lying above another point or region | Superior |
| Down; a point or region lying below another point or region | Inferior |
| Point or region lying closest to the midline of the body | Medial |
| Point or region lying away from the midline of the body | Lateral |
| Front; point or region lying closest to the front of the body | anterior |
| Back; Point or region lying closest to the back of the body | Posterior |
| Plane that aligns the lower border of the eye with the upper border of the ear opening | Frankfort Plane, Horizon |
| Plane, cutting through the body from front to back, that divides it into left and right parts | Sagittal |
| Plane, at right angles to the sagittal plane, that divides the body into front and back parts | Coronal |
| Plane that divides the body at the waist into upper and lower sections | Transverse |
| The skull | Cranium |
| All bones below the skull | Postcranium |
| Those bones making up the vertebral column and rib cage | Axial Skeleton |
| Composed of the bones of the arms, legs, shoulders, and pelvis | Appendicular Skeleton |
| The shaft of the bone, composes most of the total length | Diaphysis |
| Each end of the diaphysis is a flare | Metaphysis |
| Covers the metaphysis and caps the end of the bone | Epiphysis |
| The smooth, exterior of all skeletal elements. Composed of a strong, well organized tissue called Lamellar bone that is laid down in thin layers that run parallel to the long axis of the bone | Cortical Bone (Compact bone, Cortex) |
| Sponge-like interior structure that occurs in the metaphysis of long bones, within the ribs and small bones of the hands and feet, inside the bodies of the vertebrae, and between the inner and outer cortical surfaces of the cranial vault | Cancellous bone |
| Primary function is to reinforce the bone without adding excess weight | Cancellous bone |
| Internal structure, the opening that runs through the center of all bones and in life is filled with fatty tissues | Medullary Cavity |
| Areas of bone that ossify first | Primary centers of ossification |
| Areas of bone that ossify second and eventually will unite with the primary centers, forming a complete bone | Secondary centers of ossification |
| The part of the tooth that is visible above the gum | Crown |
| White covering over crown | Enamel |
| When enamel is peaked in some teeth into points | cusp |
| The part of the tooth that is embedded in the jaw; it is secured in place by a ligament that prevents it from becoming dislodged during chewing (mastication) | Root |
| Those parts of the teeth closest to the midline | Mesial |
| Surfaces away from the midline (teeth) | distal (teeth) |
| Toward the tongue, the inner parts of the tooth | Lingual |
| Near lips, near cheeks, outer parts of the tooth | Labial/ Buccal |
| The chewing surface of teeth | Occlusal |
| Flat, chisel-like teeth in the front of the mouth that are easily visible when persons are smiling or talking, crown is wider than it is thick, one root (often lost postmortem) | Incisors |
| The pointed teeth next to the second incisor; these single-cusped teeth also have a single root: however, it is so long that it brackets either side of the nasal opening, anchoring it securely in the jaws | Canines |
| bicuspids, usually have two cusps and one or two (usually jointed) roots | Premolar |
| Most distal teeth; square to rectangular chewing teeth found at the rear of the mouth. The upper ones generally have three roots while the lower ones have 2; these are often fused in both the upper and lower third | Molar |
| Composed of five teeth per quadrant (20 teeth: two incisors, one canine, and two molars, light yellowish crown, smaller | Deciduous teeth |
| Composed of eight teeth per quadrant (32 teeth): two incisors, one canine, two premolars, and three molars, white crown, larger | Permanent teeth |
| Extra teeth; appear as small peg like structures usually located between normal teeth | Supernumerary |
| Teeth that never erupt | Congenitally Missing Teeth |
Created by:
religget
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