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Ch5 States Conscious

States of Consciousn

TermDefinition
4 Criteria for Consciousness 1. Awareness of external events 2. Your feelings about these events 3. Self-Reflection about your feelings 4. Thoughts about steps 1-3
William James Consciousness is the thoughts that keep running through our minds (stream of consciousness)
Freud Iceberg Theory--only 15% of our mind is consciousness
Variations in Sleep Awareness Patients under anesthesia Parents of Newborns or Teens
EEG (electroencephalograph Maps brain waves to states of consciousness
Beta Waves Brain waves when awake: Most frequent and shortest wave length
Alpha Waves Brain waves when relaxed as in meditation: less frequent than Beta, slightly longer wave length
Theta Waves Brain waves in light sleep: less frequent than Alpha, slightly longer wave length
Delta Waves Brain waves in deep sleep: the least frequent and longest wave length
Hypnogogic Sleep: First Stage of Sleep: Non-REM Light Sleep Theta waves--hypnic jerks
Second Stage of Sleep: Non-REM Light Sleep Theta waves - first sign of small spindle activity
Third Stage of Sleep: Non-REM Combination of Theta and Delta Waves with spindle activity
Fourth Stage of Sleep: Non-REM Deep Sleep: Delta Waves
Fifth Stage of Sleep: REM also known as Paradoxical Sleep 20% sleep and 80% dreaming; vivid color dreaming; paralyzed so unable to act out dream
Repeating the Sleep Cycle Stages 1, 2, 3, 4, REM, 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, REM, 4, 3, 2, 1, etc.
Circadian Rhythm 24 hour biological clock unique to each person
Jet Lag At its worst when flying west to east (NY to London, Paris, etc.) because you lose time
How do you get into sync with new time zones? Takes one day for every time zone crossed to get into sync with a new area's sleep cycle
Age trends in sleep Infants need most sleep; teens' hormones create later sleep cycles; older people sleep less
Cultural differences in sleep cycles Siesta naps in afternoon
Sleep Deprivation Cranky, irritable, lower cognitive performance, increased chance for car accidents; physical symptoms: queasiness, headaches, high BP and heart rate
Why do we need REM sleep? Memory Consolidation: firms up our day's learning and deletes un-needed info; creative insight to problem solving
REM Deprivation: REM Rebouns If REM deprived, we will sink into REM sleep up until 3 nights of sleep
Insomnia Sleep Disorder: Can't fall asleep or remain asleep
Narcolepsy Sleep Disorder: Uncontrollable falling asleep for 15-30 minutes during the day
Sleep Apnea Sleep Disorder: Loud snoring with periods of no breathing for 10-90 seconds
Night Terrors Sleep Disorder: Usually children--piercing screams, not awake, can't be comforted and will calm down in few minutes still asleep
Somnambulism Sleep Disorder: Sleep walking, talking, eating when under stress in Stage 4 sleep
Nightmares Sleep Disorder: Usually in REM: chase dreams, falling, etc. wake up sweating and heart beating; paralyzed in REM so one can't scream or act out the dream
Freud: Day Residue Dreaming about problems or left over thoughts of the day
Freud: Wish Fulfillment Dreaming about something you want but probably unattainable
Freud: Manifest Content The plot of the dream--what occurred
Freud: Latent Content Interpretation of the dream--what we discover later about what it meant
Cartwright (1992): Dream Researcher We work on problem solving and emotional stress with creative insight--much better solution than when awake
Hobson (2002): Dream Researcher Dreaming is nothing more than bursts of brain activity: Activation Synthesis
Walker & Stickgold (2004): Dream Researcher Confirmed Cartwright's research with addition of memory consolidation: firming up what was learned during the day
Difference between hypnosis and meditation Brain waves do not change during hypnosis: some scientists say it is not a state of consciousness
Anesthesia Hypnosis can be used for Anesthesia for oral surgery and other minor surgeries of patient is allergic to anesthesia
Disinhibition Hypnosis can be used to suggest patients stop an unfavorable habit like smoking, over-eating, fear of performance
Entertainment Hypnosis has been used to have people perceive auditory or visual hallucinations
Psychoanalysis Hypnosis can be used on patients to uncover repressed memories
Hypnotic Trance Suggested state of someone under hypnosis
Meditation Brain waves change to Alpha sometimes Theta
Physiological correlates of meditation Lower BP and heart rate, lowers breathing rate
Drug Tolerance When the body gets used to the drug and the user must increase the dose in order to get the same effect
Drug Dependency Physical Dependency: when user experiences withdrawal effects if the drug amount is withdrawn or decreased Psychological Dependency: hardest dependency to break: when user feels the need for the drug as a coping mechanism.
Psychoactive Drugs Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning
Facts about Drug and Alcohol use Are abused across every socioeconomic status, race, gender. Higher SES users can afford more drugs (often in medical professions)
Mean age of first use 9-11 years old
Narcotics/Opiates Heroin, Painkillers like Codeine, Morphine, Vicodin, Demerol Produce pleasurable rush and then drowsiness and mental confusion. Tolerance builds quickly
Sedatives Tranquilizers, sleeping pills, decrease CNS activity Effects: drowsiness and mental confusion
Stimulants Amphetamines, Cocaine, Adderall Effects: Buoyant, elated, energetic
Hallucinogens Ecstasy, LSD, PCP Effects: Hallucinations--will increase dopamine production and can lead to irreversible Schizophrenia
Cannabis Marijuana Effects: Relaxation and Mental Distortions
Alcohol Most difficult drug to quit because it is legal and a social norm: Hard liquor, Beer, Wine Effects: Confused sensory awareness: Tolerance builds slowly
Created by: lmckay
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