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Ch 3b The Brain
The Brain cards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Two parts of the Human Nervous System | Central NS and Peripheral NS |
| Two parts of the Central Nervous System | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| Two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System | Autonomic NS and Somatic NS |
| Two parts of the Autonomic NS | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS |
| Two parts of the Somatic NS | Afferent NS and Efferent NS |
| Sympathetic NS | Part of the Autonomic NS, it mobilizes: pupils and bronchial tubes dilate, adrenaline flow increases |
| Parasympathetic NS | Part of the Autonomic NS, it conserves: pupils and bronchial tubes constrict, adrenaline flow decreases |
| Afferent NS | Part of the Somatic NS, these nerves go from body to brain (sensory neurons) |
| Efferent NS | Part of the Somatic NS, these nerves go from brain to body (motor neurons) |
| Spinal cord | Carries nerves to and away from the body and brain |
| Meninges | three layers, it surrounds the spinal cord and protects it |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | Fluid flows up the spinal cord to the brain and back like a pump |
| Pseudotumor | Increased cerebrospinal fluid causing increased pressure in the brain: headaches, blurry vision |
| Treatment for pseudotumor | Shunt in the spine or brain that regulates the amount of CS fluid going to the brain |
| Three major parts of the brain | Hindbrain, Midbrain and Forebrain |
| Hindbrain | First to develop--Comprised of the medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum--most primitive part of the brain (brainstem) |
| Midbrain | Next to develop --Comprised of reticular formation |
| Forebrain | Last to develop as people stood erect. Largest brain region--comprised of all four lobes |
| Cerebrum | the brain |
| Cerebral Cortex | Convoluted layer of the brain--cushions brain like a pillow |
| Occipital Lobe | Vision |
| Temporal Lobe | Hearing, Taste and Smell. Left temporal lobe houses Wernicke's Area |
| Parietal Lobe | Relays sensory information from the thalamus to the proper lobes. Responsible for touch |
| Forebrain | Most sophisticated part of the brain--goal planning, movement, knowing right/wrong. Left part of frontal lobe is Broca's Area |
| Broca's Area | Left frontal lobe--responsible for producing speech |
| Wernicke's Area | Left temporal lobe--understanding speech |
| Aphasia | Loss of speech |
| Limbic System | in Forebrain--the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus |
| Amygdala | Fight or flight response--handles emotion especially fear |
| Hippocampus | Learning and Memory--how to remember? The hippo's on the campus learning and putting facts into memory |
| Thalamus | In Forebrain--accepts sensory information and relays it to the somatosensory cortex that relays it to the parietal lobe which sends it on to the proper lobe. One exception is smell which goes directly from the cerebral cortex to the temporal lobe. |
| Hypothalamus | Manages the pituitary gland, responsible for keeping body in homeostasis, regulates heartrate, BP, temperature: part of limbic system |
| Reticular formation | Midbrain handles some sensory info, keeps us alert, and controls some somatic functions |
| Pons | Connects the hind and mid brain |
| Medulla | Part of the brain stem--Autonomic functions of the brain--heart rate, circulation, breathing |
| Cerebellum | Movement and balance |
| Brainstem | Connects the spinal cord to the brain--made of the medulla and pons and the midbrain. Also connects the brain to the cerebellum |
| EEG--electroencephalograph | Monitors brain waves and maps them to states of consciousness and types of sleep |
| Lesioning | Used for research on animals, a electric probe is inserted in the animal's brain to destroy tissue to map functions of the animal's brain |
| ECT: electro-convulsive therapy | Small shocks are sent to the brain in cases of deep chronic depression, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia to regulate neurotransmitter production and function |
| TMS--transcranial magnetic stimulation | small paddle that can emit electricity into the brain to map function. Also used for mood disorders |
| PET Scan-positon emission topography | Inject dye into the brain to see if there are blocked arteries (best for checking for strokes or aneurysms Can examine brain functions |
| CT Scan | Multiple x-ray scans that show structures in the brain |
| MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) | Uses magnetic fields and computer-generated radio waves to detect structure--more precise than the CAT scan |
| fMRI | A more sophisticated technology than an MRI, an fMRI will show structure and function--very expensive equipment |
| Two Hemispheres of the Brain | Left and Right |
| Left Brain | Language, Math, Science, Reasoning, Playing a musical instrument and right hand control |
| Right Brain | Artistic ability, seeing in 3D, Composing music, creative insight and left hand control |
| Corpus Callosum | Fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the brain and allow the two halves to talk to each other |
| Gazzaniga and Sperry | Performed the split brained study to understand the different functions of the brain and how they relate to each other. They did not split the brains of subjects! They used the population of people who already had the corpus callosum split to help their |
| Gazzaniga's famous split-brain study | Know how it was carried out, and the results |
| Plasticity | Resembles silly putty and is malleable. |
| What can sculpt the brain? | Repeated practicing a certain motion |
Created by:
lmckay
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