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Sience chap. 15
digestion and absorption in animals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | to suck up or drink in (a liquid); soak up |
| alimentary canal | tubular passage functioning in the digestion and absorption of food and the elimination of food residue, beginning at the mouth and terminating at the anus |
| bile | a bitter, alkaline, yellow or greenish liquid, secreted by the liver, that aids in absorption and digestion, esp. of fats |
| chemical digestion | breakdown of food molecules by enzymes; occurs in mouth, stomach, and small intestine |
| colon | large intestine |
| digestion | the process in the alimentary canal by which food is broken up physically, as by the action of the teeth, and chemically, as by the action of enzymes, and converted into a substance suitable for absorption and assimilation into the body |
| digestive glands | any gland having ducts that pour secretions into the digestive tract, as the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas |
| ducts | any tube, canal, pipe, or conduit by which a fluid, air, or other substance is conducted or conveyed |
| end products | the final |
| esophagus | a muscular passage connecting the mouth or pharynx with the stomach in invertebrate and vertebrate animals; gullet |
| gall bladder | a pear-shaped, muscular sac attached to the undersurface of the right lobe of the liver, in which bile is stored and concentrated |
| gastric glands | digestive glands that secrete gastric juices , located in the inner lining o f the stomach |
| gullet | the esophagus; the throat or pharynx |
| intestinal glands | digestive glands located in the inner lining of the small intestine; secrete intestinal juice con taining enzymes |
| large intestine | beginning with the cecum and ending with the rectum; includes the cecum and the colon and the rectum; extracts moisture from food residues which are later excreted as feces |
| liver | a large, reddish-brown, glandular organ located in the upper right side of the abdominal cavity, divided by fissures into five lobes and functioning in the secretion of bile and various metabolic processes |
| mechanical digestion | the grinding and softening of food |
| mucus | a viscous, slimy mixture of mucins, water, electrolytes, epithelial cells, and leukocytes that is secreted by glands lining the nasal, esophageal, and other body cavities and serves primarily to protect and lubricate surfaces |
| pancreas | a gland, situated near the stomach, that secretes a digestive fluid into the intestine through one or more ducts and also secretes the hormone insulin |
| peristalsis | the progressive wave of contraction and relaxation of a tubular muscular system, esp. the alimentary canal, by which the contents are forced through the system |
| pharynx | the tube or cavity, with its surrounding membrane and muscles, that connects the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus |
| saliva | a viscid, watery fluid, secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands, that functions in the tasting, chewing, and swallowing of food, moistens the mouth, and starts the digestion of starches |
| salivary gland | any of several glands, as the submaxillary glands, that secrete saliva |
| small intestine | the longest part of the alimentary canal; where digestion is completed |
| stomach | a saclike enlargement of the alimentary canal, as in humans and certain animals, forming an organ for storing, diluting, and digesting food |
| taste buds | one of numerous small, flask-shaped bodies, chiefly in the epithelium of the tongue, which are the end organs for the sense of taste |
| throat | the passage from the mouth to the stomach or to the lungs, including the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, and trachea |
| villi | a minute hairlike projection on mucous membrane |
Created by:
daisy37311
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