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APHUG Unit 2 (Ch 2)
Unit 2 Vocabulary using the terms from Chapter 2- Population
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Agricultural Density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land (land suited for agriculture) |
Arithmetic Density | The total number of people divided by the total land area |
Census | A complete enumeration of a population |
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society. |
Demographic transition | The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high CBR and CDR and a low rate of natural increase to a condition of low CBR and CDR, low rate of natural increase and a higher population. |
Crude Death Rate (CDR) | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society. |
Demographic (Demographics) | The scientific study of population characteristics. |
Dependency Ratio | The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force. |
Doubling Time | The number of years needed to double a population assuming a constant rate of natural increase. |
Ecumene | The portion of the Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
Elderly support ratio | The number of working-age people (ages 15-64) divided by the number of persons 65 and older. |
Epidemiologic Transition | The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transitition |
Epidemiology | The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality. |
Industrial Revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufactured goods. |
Infant mortality rate (IMR) | The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society. |
Life expectancy | The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. |
Maternal mortality rate | The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes) |
Medical Revolution | Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa eliminating many traditional causes of death in poor countries. |
Natural increase rate (NIR) | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. |
Overpopulation | A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. |
Pandemic | Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population. |
Physiological density | The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. |
Population pyramid | A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex. |
Sex ratio | The number of males per 100 females in the population |
Total fertility rate (TFR) | The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. |
Zero Population Growth (ZPG) | A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero. |
Green Revolution | a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties. Makes it possible to feed a growing population. |
Natalism (Pro-Natalism) | Promotion or advocacy for child-bearing |
Anti-Natalism | The stance that the people of a nation should avoid having children due to overpopulation or other concerns. |
Carrying Capacity | the maximum number of people who can be realistically sustained by the geography of an area. |