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Cond. of Muscles
pathological conditions of the muscular systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscular Atrophy | A decrease in size of muscle fibers or a wasting away of muscles from poor nutrition, lack of use, motor unit dysfunction, or lack of motor nerve impulses |
| Hypertrophy | the increase in the size of a muscle usually due to weight training |
| How do you treat Muscular Atrophy? | use strokes that are slow, superficial, and soothing with the intermittent use of manual vibration and cross fiber hacking percussion |
| Contracture (ischemic contracture) | an abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint in which the muscle is fixed in a flexed position. |
| What causes contracture? | May be the result of spasm, paralysis, or fibrotic tissue surrounding a joint. Can also be brought on by heat or medication. |
| How do you treat Contracture? | Increase blood flow, reduce adhesion, stretch and release fascia and elongate muscles. |
| De Quervain's Tendonitis | a type of tendonitis caused by the narrowing of the tendon sheath surrounding the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis |
| What is the major symptom of De Quervain's Tendonitis? | pain at wrist and thumb, tenderness just distal to the radial styloid process. |
| How do you treat De Quervain's Tendonitis? | Do Not Treat. Local Contraindication. |
| Fibromyalgia (fibrosis, muscular rheumatism) | a chronic inflammatory disease that affects muscle and related connective tissue. |
| How do you treat Fibromyalgia? | adjust massage to clients stamina and vitality; assist client on and off table |
| Ganglion Cyst | a benign tumor occurring on a tendon such as in the wrist or dorsum of the foot; consists of a thin fibrous capsule enclosing a clear fluid |
| How do you treat a Ganglion Cyst? | Local Contraindication. |
| Headaches | a pain in the head from any cause. |
| How do you treat a muscular contraction or tension headache? | Use moist heat and focus on releasing the neck and head muscles: trapeziums, levator scapulae, splenius capitis, cervicis, suboccipitals, scalenes, strenocleidomastoid. |
| Muscle Spasm | increase in muscle tension with or without shortening caused by excessive motor nerve activity, cannot be alleviated with voluntary relaxation. May result in a rigid zine with in the muscle fibers called a "knot" |
| How do you treat a muscle spasm? | If not caused by a contraindication then lengthen and spread muscle fibers, increase circulation. |
| Muscular Dystrophy | a collection of genetic diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles with or without any indication of neural degeneration or damage. |
| How do you treat Muscular Dystrophy? | increase blood flow, activate muscle spindles in weak muscles if they are functional and increase colon activity. |
| Plantar Fascitis | inflammation of the plantar fascia at the calcaneus, medial aspect of the foot, and insertion of tibialis posterior |
| What are the symptoms of Plantar Fascitis? | pain in heel, pain on dorsiflexion or both. Painful in the morning. |
| How do you treat Plantar Fascitis? | thoroughly massage legs and reduce any adhesions. |
| Repetitive Strain Injury | self inflicted injury due to a repetitive or constant motion, combined with compressive forces or joint hyper-extension that causes damage to soft tissues |
| How do you treat Repetitive Strain Injury? | Avoid area if inflamed. Work with patient to correct poor biomechanics. R.I.C.E affected area. |
| What are the most common Repetitive Strain Injuries? | carpel tunnel, thoracic outlet syndrome, tennis elbow, and rotator cuff problems |
| Shin Splints | a strain of either Tibialis Anterior or Posterior marked by pain along shin bone. |
| What action causes Shin Splints? | running or jumping on a hard surface or improper warm up |
| How do you treat Shin Splints? | Acute: R.I.C.E. Chronic: thoroughly massage tibialis anterior and posterior and I.C.E |
| Spasticity | an increase in muscle tone due to hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex and increase in tonic stretch reflexes |
| How do you treat spasticity? | obtain physicians clearance if symptoms are sever. Avoid joint mobilization. Prevent adhesions and contractures. |
| Strain | injury of a muscle or tendon caused by violent contraction, forced stretching, or synergistic failure |
| First degree strain | pain with resistance to movement |
| second degree strain | pain with movement |
| third degree strain | pain without movement, possible tissue rupture |
| avulsion fracture | tendon is pulled away from attachment taking bone with it |
| How do you treat a strain? | Obtain physicians clearance. R.I.C.E for the first 72 hours, avoid stretching injured area, massage distal to the injury. |
| Tendonitis | inflammation of a tendon accompanied by pain and swelling |
| What causes tendonitis? | chronic overuse, direct trauma,or sudden pull of the muscle |
| How do you treat tendonitis? | Local contraindication for the first 72 hours is due to trauma, deep friction area at clients pain tolerance level. End session with ice. |
| Torticollis (wryneck) | spasms of the SCMs and other neck muscles |
| How do you treat torticollis? | focus releasing of tonus muscles of the neck and head |
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