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1942B U. S. History
1942B U. S. History Final Exam Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| FDR’s main goals in fighting the depression | >Economic recovery >Financial Reform >Provide jobs & relief |
| Years for the Great Depression | 1929 - 1939 |
| Causes of the Great Depression | >Stock market crash of 1929 >Banking Crisis >Overproduction & Under-Consumption >Unequal distribution of wealth >High Tariffs/War debts |
| New Deal | >President FDR's way of fixing the issues that brought the Great Depression >Series of programs, projects, financial reforms, regulations, and public work > Ex. , Civil Works Administration, National Industrial Recovery Act, Farm Security Administration |
| Shanty Towns | Towns consisting of improvised houses made from scraps of wood, metal, plastic, etc. Typically lack safe water, electricity, street drainage, proper sanitation, and adequate infastructure. |
| What event brought an end to the Great Depression? | World War ll >provided the U.S. with jobs and helped the economy |
| Roosevelt’s fireside chats impact | >Helped people overcome their fears about the Depression >Gave the people confidence > |
| Why did voters vote for Roosevelt over Hoover | Many had blamed Hoover for the Great Depression and they did not like his idea that the government should not help/interfere. (Rugged Individualism) People voted Roosevelt because they believed that he would help them out of the depression. |
| Why was the New Deal a turning point in U. S. history? | The New Deal programs helped the people of the United States recover from the suffering brought by the Great Depression. It gave the government a role in social/economic affairs and it overall restored faith & gave hope to the people. |
| Holocaust | >1941-1945 >Genocide of European Jews |
| How many Jews were killed during the Holocaust | Approximately 6 million |
| Other groups that were killed during the Holocaust | Roma (Gypsies), Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, Slavic people, prisoners of war, and people with disabilities |
| What religious group was killed by Germans in Concentration Camps? | Jehovah's Witnesses |
| Under German rule, before Concentration Camps, where were Jews forced to live? | Jews were isolated and forced to live in the ghettos |
| Genocide | Deliberate/Systematic destruction of a whole or part of an ethnic, religious, national, or racial group. |
| What happened to Hitler in the end? | He committed suicide |
| In addition to the gas chambers, how did Nazi’s kill off the Jews? | Forced labor, euthanasia, exposure, starvation, and medical experiments |
| During the Holocaust, how were families separated? | >Children were removed from their families >People were separated by gender |
| Holocaust and annihilation | Holocaust: Genocide of Jews and other racial, religious, and homosexual groups. Annihilation:Goal is the complete annihilation of a state, a people or an ethnic minority through genocide |
| What is the name for the laws that began to take away the rights of German Jews? | Nuremberg Laws |
| Democracy | >Government by the people >Supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections |
| Fascism | >Far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power >One dictator has full control of the entire country, states, or territory >Any who opposes is suppressed and individual rights are oppressed |
| Blitzkrieg | >Used by Nazi Germany >Coordinated military effort by tanks, artillery, aircraft, and motorized infantry >Offensive warfare designed to strike a swift, focused blow at an enemy |
| Kamikaze | >Japanese Special Attack Units of military aviators >Flew suicide attacks for the Empire pf Japan >Use aircrafts to crash into targets such as ships |
| Axis Powers | Germany, Italy, and Japan |
| Why did United States decide to stay isolated from foreign affairs when WWII started? | >WW ll was deemed a foreign dispute so the U.S. believed that they should not get involved for there was no reason to. >U.S. citizens did not want to get into another war |
| Pearl Harbor events | >Surprise military strike on a U.S. naval base by Japan >Attacked U.S. ships to prevent them from getting in their way |
| Why did Great Britain and France declare war on Germany? | In response to Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany. |
| What event caused the U.S. to enter WWII? | Pearl Harbor |
| Under what plan did the U. S. provided massive financial aid to rebuild European economies and prevent the spread of communism? | The Marshall Plan |
| Capitalist, Communist, Dictatorial, and Socialist meanings and which countries follow which ideals? | Capitalist:Trade & Industry are controlled by private owners for profit.(U.S., Japan, West Germany, France, Italy) Communist:All property is publicly owned & each person works & is paid according to their abilities.(USSR) Dictatorial:Dictator/Dictatorshi |
| Baby Boom | > 1946 - 1964 >Period marked by a significant increase of birth rate |
| Similarities between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War | >Built up massive militaries and weapon stockpiles >Used their power to influence international affairs >Adhered strictly to their chosen ideologies |
| Cold War time period | 1947 - 1991 |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | > 13-day political and military standoff between the U.S. and the Soviet Union >90 miles from U.S. shores, the Soviet Union installed nuclear missiles on Cuba |
| A state of tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union without actual fighting | Cold War |
| The war that created divisiveness among Americans throughout the 1960s | Civil War |
| How did women help in WWII | >Worked in factories production munitions, tanks, ships >Worked in industries dealing with metal, shipbuilding, automobiles, and steel >Joined military groups for women (WAC, WAVES, ANC, WASP, OSS) >Worked in war front as nurses |
| What kind of policy did Martin L. King, Jr., and other members of SCLC encouraged? | > Peaceful resistance & racial equality > Freedom, equality, justice, and love |
| Freedom Riders | > More than 400 volunteers >7 months > Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into segregated Southern United States > Challenged the non-enforcement of the U.S. Supreme Court decisions that ruled that segregated buses were unconstitutional |
| Malcolm X | >African-American Muslim minister and civil rights activist > Went against MLK's nonviolent teachings >Urged African Americans to protect themselves against white aggression |
| Sit-Ins | >Protest involving one or more people occupying an area >Promote political, social, or economic change >Refused to move until demands were met >Used by African Americans to oppose segregation |
| Civil Rights and Martin Luther King, Jr. | >Baptist minister, social rights activist, and leader of the civil rights movement >Promoted non-violent ways to oppose segregation and inspired many >Organized many peaceful protests and marches >Preached freedom, equality, justice, and love |
| Vietnamization | U.S. policy of withdrawing its troops and transferring the responsibility and direction of the war effort to the government of South Vietnam |
| McCarthyism | > Campaign against alleged communists in the U.S. government >Those accused were blacklisted or lost their jobs >Unfair allegations and investigations |
| The Highway Act of 1956 | >Authorized construction of a 41,000 mile network of interstate highways that would span the nation, mostly paid by government >Highway allows for people to move quickly in an emergency >Allowed National Guard & Military to access disaster areas faster |
| The two nations divided at the 38th parallel | North and South Korea |
| Watergate | > 1971 - 1974 >Major political scandal in the U.S. involving the administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon > Ex. Bugging the offices of political opponents & people who were deemed suspicious > Led to Nixon's resignation |
| How did Truman justified dropping the atomic bomb on Japan? | > Believed that American lives were at risk > Believed it was the only way to get Japan to surrender |
| The Manhattan Project | > During WW ll >Research and development that led to the creation of the first nuclear weapons > Led by the U.S. and supported by the U.K. and Canada |
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