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APHG 7.1-7.4 Words
Words from learning objective 7.1-7.4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| industrialization | the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. |
| Industrial Revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. |
| Backwash Effect | The negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region. |
| bulk-gaining industry | An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs. |
| agglomeration | Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources. (CLUSTERING) |
| break-of-bulk point | A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another. |
| least-cost theory | Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration. |
| core countries | According to world systems theory, the most advanced industrial countries, which take the lion's share of profits in the world economic system. |
| periphery countries | the least developed and least powerful nations; often exploited by the core countries as sources of raw materials, cheap labor, and markets |
| semi-periphery countries | nations ranking in between core and periphery countries, with some attributes of the core countries but with less of a central role in the global economy |
| bulk-reducing industry | An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs. |
| locational interdependence | Theory that industries choose locations based on where their competitors are located. |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | A measurement of the total goods and services produced within a country. |
| Gross National Income (GNI) | The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country |
| Gross National Product (GNP) | The total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year. |
| per capita | per person |
| Gini Index or Gini Coefficient | a mathematical formula that measures the amount of economic inequality in a society |
| Gender Inequality Index (GII) | A measure of the extent of each country's gender inequality |
| labor-market participation | A statistic that determines what percentage of an age group or gender is currently working |
| Human Development Index (HDI) | Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy |
| gender parity | a policy by which women have to make up either a certain number of the candidates in an election or a certain number of those elected |
| Micro Loans | small, unsecured loans made primarily to women to help them undertake an income-generating project in a developing country |
| Textiles | A fabric or cloth woven from the fibers of wool, or cotton |
| International division of labor | The situation in which the labor forces of different countries and world regions play complementary roles in an interdependent global economy |
| Labor productivity | The average amount of goods or services produced per worker per unit of time. |
Created by:
Ajsteele
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