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Chapter 8

Chaptr 8

QuestionAnswer
State A sovereign territory, recognized as a country by other states under international law; has a defined territory, permanent population, and a government
Territoriality Sense of ownership and attachment to a specific territory
Peace of Westphalia Treaties negotiated in 1648 that formally recognized the sovereignty of states
Sovereignty The legal authority to have the last say over a territory; under international law, states are sovereign
Territorial integrity Right of a state to defend sovereign territory against incursion from other states
Colonialism Physically taking over a territory and people and controlling the economy and government
Mercantilism An early form of capitalism based of trading large quantities of goods, using gold and silver as currencies
Nation A group of people with a shared past and common future who relate to each other and share a common political goal
Imagined community A socially constructed identity that is imagines because the people in the group will never meet each other and simply believe they have a similarity and shared connection
Nation-state A nation and a state who share the same borders
Multinational state A state with more than one nation
Multistate nation A nation that stretches across a state
Stateless nation A nation that does not have a state
First wave of colonialism From the late 1400s to 1850s, when Europeans colonized the Americas and coastal Africa
Second wave of colonialism From the 1850s to 1960s, when Europeans colonized Africa and Asia in the context of the industrial revolution
World-Systems Theory Theory originated by Immanual Wallerstein and illuminated by his three-tier structure, proposing that social change in and extreme economic wealth in the periphery is inextricably linked to the core
Capitalism Economic system where people, corporations, and states produce goods and services and trade them on the world market with the goal of making a profit
Commodification Transformation of goods and services into products that can be bought, sold, or traded
Core Places in the world economy where core processes dominate
Periphery Places in the world economy where periphery processes dominate
Semi-periphery Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring; places that are exploited by the law core but in turn exploit the periphery
Centripetal forces Attributes of a nation that can be activated or manipulated to unite the nation
Centrifugal forces Attributes of a nation that can be activated or manipulated to divide the nation
Unitary states A state that has centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state
Federal states States that have substantial authority over matters such as education, land use, and infrastructure planning
Devolution Transfer of power from central government to regional or local government within a state
Democracy Government by the people where the people are sovereign and have the final say over what happens within a state
Reapportionment Redistribution of representatives based on population change
Splitting A redistricting practice where a minority population is divided across districts to ensure the majority population controls each district (dilution)
Majority-minority districts Electoral district where the majority of the people in the district are from a minority group
Gerrymandering Manipulating electoral districts to give one political party an unfair advantage
Boundary A plane that stretches beneath the subsoil and into the airspace that legally divides two countries
Geometric boundaries Political boundaries defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc
Physical-political boundaries Political boundary defined by a prominent physical feature in the physical landscape, such as a riverbank or the crest of a mountain range
Heartland theory Halford Mackinder's theory that a political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world
Unilateralism World order in which one state is in a position of global dominance
Deterritorialization Movement of economic, social, and cultural processes out of the hands of states
Reterritorialization When a local culture shapes an aspect of popular culture as their own, adopting the popular culture to their local culture
Supranational organizations An organization of three or more states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives
Created by: RomyConn
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