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WORLD HIST UNIT 6

Absolutism, Enlightenment and Revolutions

TermDefinition
Enlightenment an 18th-century movement that sought to apply scientific methods to the study of society and its problems
Locke believed in a social contract between government and the people where the people kept the natural rights and government should protect those rights
Voltaire philosopher during the Enlightenment period wrote Candide; ridiculed bigotry and prejudice and supported freedom of expression
Rousseau Author of The Social Contract, which stated that only the people of a country have true power, criticized the idea of absolutism
Louis XIV known as the Sun King, built a palace at Versailles as a means to consolidate absolute power; a series of wars at the end of his long reign drained France's wealth
Peter the Great transformed Russia into a modern state; was an absolute monarch who brought the ways of Western Europe to Russia and made various reforms
Absolutism principle of complete and unrestricted government power that was usually in the hands of one person
Natural Rights rights that belong to people simply because they are human beings and cannot be taken from them by a government
Social Contract an agreement in which people give power to a government in return for its protections
Palace of Versailles Royal French residence and seat of government established by King Louis XIV
Glorious Revolution William of Orange took the throne from King James II in 1688. It broke a permanent realignment of power within the English constitution.
Parliament directly elected body required to make or approve all the most important decisions of a country
English Bill of Rights specific constitutional and civil rights and ultimately gave Parliament power over the monarch
American Revolution war between Great Britain and its American colonies by which the colonies won their independence
French Revolution A major change in government that brought an end to the absolute monarchy and a start to a representative government
1st Estate The class of French society made up of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church
2nd Estate The class of French society made up of the nobility
3rd Estate Largest Estate made up of Bourgeoisie, Peasants, and Urban Workers. Had the least money and power but paid the virtually all of the taxes
Louis XVI King of France before and during the French Revolution before being overthrown during revolution and later beheaded
Constitutional Monarchy system of government in which a country is ruled by a king and queen whose power is limited by a constitution
Haitian Revolution series of conflicts between 1791 and 1804 between slaves, colonists, the armies of the British and French colonizers, and a number of other parties
Created by: ddenson80
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