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Unit 3
Classical Civilizations [Part 2]
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Qin Dynasty | a dynasty that united parts of China in 221 BCE and lasted until 206 BCE; founded by Shi Huangdi and ruled by a strong central government that used Legalist policies |
| Shi Huangdi | founder of the Qin Dynasty who ruled strictly, using Legalist philosophy to create laws that restricted the freedom of the people he ruled |
| Legalism | a Chinese philosophy that supports the creation of strict laws to keep order and stability in a society; legalism was used to rule during the Qin Dynasty |
| Han Dynasty | a Chinese dynasty that ruled from 206 BCE to 220 CE; this period is known as a golden age of Chinese civilization and was ruled through Confucian ideas |
| Confucianism | a philosophy founded around 500 BCE in China; the philosophy stresses the importance of social order which can be explained through Five Relationships |
| The Analects | a book containing the teachings of Confucius |
| The Five Relationships | the Confucian idea that social order comes when everyone knows who to respect in society and who should respect them the five relationships are: ruler to ruled, father to son, older brother to younger brother, husband to wife, and friend to friend |
| filial piety | Confucian concept of respect for one’s elders |
| Dao De Jing or Tao Te Ching | collective teachings of the founder of Daoism/Taoism |
| Lao Tzu | Chinese philosopher who founded Daoism (Taoism) and lived around 500 BCE |
| Pericles | a Greek politician who had influence over Athens during its golden age; he promoted the arts and literature, led building projects like the Parthenon, and supported democracy in Athens |
| Ancient Greece | a civilization that was located in southeastern Europe on the Mediterranean Sea from around 800 BCE to 600 CE |
| Athens | a city state in Ancient Greece that was the birthplace of democracy and valued art, architecture, science, math, and education; this city state’s culture greatly influenced Western history |
| Sparta | a city state in Ancient Greece was ruled by an oligarchy and valued military service and obedience to the government |
| city-state | a city and the land surrounding it that is independently ruled; city-states are not a part of a larger government |
| direct democracy | a form of government in which citizens have the right to vote on any government decision directly; citizens, not representatives of citizens cast these votes |
| Plato, Aristotle, Socrates | Ancient Athenian philosophers |
| Hellenistic Culture | a combination of Greek, Persian, and Indian art, philosophy, science, math, architecture, and traditions that was created through contact between people ruled by Alexander the Great and spread by those that traveled in his empire |
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vvanwagoner
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