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Path Muscular
Pathologies of the Muscular System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Muscular dystrophy | a group of several closely related neuromuscular diseases characterized by geneticanomalies that lead to the degeneration and wasting awayof muscle tissue. |
| Spasms, Cramps | an involuntary contraction of a voluntary muscle. |
| Strains | injuries involving the tearing of myofibers and production of scar tissue, typically due to stretching or overloading |
| Compartment Syndrome | a condition in which an injury or repetitive stress creates dangerous pressure inside a tight fascial compartment |
| Dupuytren’s contracture | an idiopathic thickening and shrinking of the palmar fascia that limits the movement of the fingers |
| Ganglion cysts | small connective tissue pouches filled with fluid that grow on joint capsules or tendinous sheaths |
| Hammertoe | the muscles and tendons that cross the foot joints become permanently shortened. the result is hyperextension at the metatarsophalangeal joint and distal interphalangeal joint, and flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint |
| Hernia | protrusion of tissue through fascial walls |
| Morton’s neuroma | the connective tissue sheath that encases the common digital nerves of the toes becomes thickened |
| Plantar fasciitis | condition involving pain at the plantar fascia, which stretches from the calca- neus to the proximal phalanges on the plantar surface of the foot |
| Pes planus, pes cavus | technical term for feet that lack the medial arch between the calcaneus and the great toe, the lateral arch between the calcaneus and the little toe, and the transverse arch that stretches across the ball of the foot |
| Myofascial Pain Syndrome | conditionthat is associated with chronic muscle and/or fascial pain; the pain may cause increased muscle tension in the affectedarea, and loss of strength and flexibility |
| Thoracic outlet syndrome | a group of problems that center on neurovascular entrapments at the neck or anterior shoulder |
| Bunions | also known as hallux valgus, which means,“laterally deviated big toe.” In other words, the first phalanx of the great toe is distorted toward the lateral aspect of the foot |
| Bursitis | inflammation of the small closed sacs made of connective tissue known as a bursae |
| Shin splints | refers to a variety of lower leg problems; Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is theinjury most commonly associated with this, but closely related problems include periostitis and stress fractures |
| Tendinitis | new injury that leads to the classic signs of inflammation in a tendon |
| Tendinosis | long-term degeneration of a tendon |
| Tenosynovitis | irritation where tendons slide through their synovial sheaths |
| De Quervain’s tenosynovitis | tonosynovitis specifically of the abductor and extensor pollicis tendons |
| Whiplash | cervical acceleration-deceleration (CAD); broad term used to refer to a combination of injuries, including sprains, strains, and joint disruptions of the cervical spine |
| Trigger finger | tenosynovitis at any of the the fingers other than the thumb |
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