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Chapter 27
The Age of Imperialism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pacific Rim | Comprises the lands around the rim of the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Basin includes the Pacific Rim and the islands in the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Rim roughly overlaps with the geologic Pacific Ring of Fire. |
| Direct Control | This consisted of the administration of government by the imperial power – usually supported by military & civil service. The native political system was removed and the European style of government was instituted and controlled by Europeans. |
| Indirect Control | Was a system of governance used by the British and others to control parts of their colonial empires, particularly in Africa and Asia, which was done through pre-existing indigenous power structures. |
| Imperialism | A policy or ideology of extending the rule over peoples and other countries, for extending political and economic access, power and control, through employing hard power especially military force, but also soft power. |
| Recism | The belief that different races possess distinct characteristics, abilities, or qualities, especially so as to distinguish them as inferior or superior to one another. |
| Persia [Sought after Products] | Oil, natural gas, gold, and other precious metals were sought after in this area. |
| Raw Materials from India | The majority of the raw materials were agricultural products produced on plantations. Plantation crops included tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, and jute. Another crop was opium. |
| Sepoy Rebellion [Causes and Outcomes] | Was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. |
| King Mongkut | Individual who opened his country to Western influence and initiated reforms and modern development. |
| Colony | Is a territory under the immediate complete political control and occupied by settlers of a state, distinct from the home territory of the sovereign. |
| Protectorate | Is a state that is controlled and protected by another sovereign state. A dependent territory that has been granted local autonomy over internal affairs while still recognizing a more powerful sovereign state without being its direct possession. |
| Spheres of Influence | A country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority. |
| Maji Maji Rebellion [Context and Outcomes] | Was an armed rebellion of Islamic and Animist Africans against German colonial rule in German East Africa. The war was triggered by a German policy designed to force the indigenous population to grow cotton for export. |
| Boers | This refers to the descendants of the proto-Afrikaans-speaking settlers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th and much of the 19th century. |
| Crimean War | Was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance made up of the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom, Sardinia and France. |
| Causes of Imperialism | Include economic, exploratory, ethnocentric, political, and religious motives. |
| Effects of Imperialism | Positives... New infrastructure, education, increase in food production, and a general rise in standard of living. Negatives... ethnic cleansing, control of resources by outside power, loss of traditional cultures, and oppression of complete societies. |
| Sati | A former practice in India whereby a widow threw herself on to her husband's funeral pyre. |
| Countries of the Crimean War | A war fought mainly on the Crimean Peninsula between the Russians and the British, French, and Ottoman Turkish, with support from January 1855 by the army of Sardinia-Piedmont. |
| Total War | This is warfare that includes any and all civilian-associated resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilizes all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs. |
| Social Darwinism | This refers to various theories that emerged in Western Europe and North America in the 1870s that applied biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology, economics, and politics. |
| King Menelik II | He was the Emperor of Ethiopia from 1889 to his death in 1913 and King of Shewa. At the height of his internal power and external prestige, the process of territorial expansion and creation of the modern empire-state was completed . |
| Ottoman Empire [Loss of Power] | It was too agrarian. ... It wasn't cohesive enough. ... Its population was under-educated. ... Other countries deliberately weakened it. ... It faced a destructive rivalry with Russia. ... It picked the wrong side in World War I... |
| Suez Canal | This is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez. |
| Assimilation | This is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble a society's majority group or assume the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group. |
| Berlin Conference | This regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. |
| Raj | British sovereignty in India. |
Created by:
tderue
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