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ch 7 religion

TermDefinition
religion system of beliefs that order life in terms of ultimate priorities and direct behavior and practices in reference to achieving the ultimate priorities
secularism indifference to or rejection of religion
monotheistic religion belief in one god
polytheistic religion belief in many gods
animistic religion traditional or indigenous religion where animals or objects are significant
universalizing religion a religion believed by its followers to have universal application and to which followers actively seek converts
ethnic religion a religion into which people are born and whose followers do not actively seek converts
hinduism religion based on a range of beliefs, including karma and reincarnation. Hinduism began around 2000 BCE and does not have a single founder.; hearth in Indus Valley (present-day Pakistan)
caste system social structure of South Asian society dating to the Indus civilization (2500-1800 BCE) where people are born into their place in society
buddhism religion based on the belief that humans can reach enlightenment by following the middle path. Buddhism splintered from Hinduism in the 6th century BCE; hearth in Lumbini and Sarnath (present-day Nepal/India)
shintoism religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism; shintoism focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship
feng shui chinese art and science of placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings, and cities, structures and objects are positioned to channel flow of sheng-chi (“life-breath”) in favorable ways
confucianism political philosophy that values benevolence, loyalty, and diligence within the structure of the family and the government; hearth in China and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Asian culture
judaism religion based on the belief in one God who revealed himself to and entered a covenant with Abraham. Judaism dates to 2000 BCE.; hearth in present-day Israel
diaspora dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force
zionism movement for the establishment of a national homeland for Jews in the land between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River
christianity religion based on the belief that Jesus was born as the son of God, was crucified, and was resurrected to atone for peoples’ sins. Developed out of Judaism in 1st century CE. Hearth in Bethlehem and Jerusalem (present-day Palestine/Israel)
roman catholic church One of three major branches of Christianity (together with the Eastern Orthodox and Protestant)
eastern orthodox church One of three major branches of Christianity (together with Roman Catholic and Protestant)
protestant One of three major branches of Christianity (together with Roman Catholic and Protestant)
islam Religion based on the belief in one God who revealed himself to the prophet Muhammad. Islam dates to the 7th century CE. Hearth in Mecca and Medina in present-day Saudi Arabia
sunni Sect of Islam that believes Muhammad’s successor did not need to be a blood relative of Muhammad
shi’ite Sect of Islam that believes Muhammad’s successor needed to be a blood relative of Muhammad. Found commonly in and around Iran
indigenous religion Belief systems and philosophies practiced and traditionally passed from generation to generation among peoples within an indigenous tribe or group
sacred sites A place infused with religious or spiritual meaning
hajj Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad
interfaith boundaries Boundaries between the world’s major faiths
intrafaith boundaries Boundaries between sects within a single major faith
religious fundamentalism Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy
religious extremism Religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence
jihad Commonly translated as “Holy War,” jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the Qu’ran
Created by: pl229081
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