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Chapter 3
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Cyclic movement | regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place. A form of movement |
Activity spaces | places within the rounds daily activity |
snowbirds | retired or semi-retired people who live in cold States and Canada from most of the year and move to warm States for the winter |
pastoralism | a type of cyclic movement when herders move livestock through the year to continually find fresh water and green pastures |
transhumance | a type of cyclic movement when herders move livestock through the year to continually find fresh water and green pastures |
Relocation diffusion | spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them |
International migration | purposeful movement of people from one country to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay |
Emigrants | a person who permanently moves out of their home country |
Immigrants | a person who permanently moves into a new country |
Net migration | difference between the number of immigrants (those coming into a country) and the number of emigrants (those leaving a country) |
Refugees | migrants who flee a country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country |
Remittances | money that migrants send back to friends and families in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many lower income (peripheral) countries |
Reverse remittances | money flowing from home countries to migrants in their destination countries |
Guest workers | migrants who are invited into a country to work temporarily, are granted work visa status, and are expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa |
Islands of development | cities in developing regions where foreign investment is concentrated and to which rural migrants are drawn |
Internal migration | purposeful movement of people within a country from one location to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay |
Diaspora | dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntary or by force |
Assimilation | when a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. Can happen voluntarily or by force |
Human Trafficking | a form of forced migration where people are involuntarily sold and traded for manual labors or as workers in the commercial sex trade |
Gulags | forced labor or prison labor camps. Most associated with authoritarian countries |
Distance decay | decreasing likelihood of diffusion with grater distance from the hearth |
Gravity model | urban geography model that mathematically predicts the degree of interaction and probability of migration (and other flows) between two places |
Push factors | circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to leave the home country |
Pull factors | circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to migrate |
Intervening opportunity | presence of a opportunity near a migrant's current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a site farther away |
Unauthorized migrants | migrants who do not have legal permission to stay in the country where they live. Unauthorized migrants can those who enter a country legally, as authorized migrants with a visa, and then stay when the visa expires. They can also enter a country without p |
Coyotes | people who smuggle people across the border for a sizable fee |
Chain migration | permanent movement from one place to another that follows kinship links. For example, a group of migrants settles in a place and then communicates with family and friends at their former location to encourage migration along the same path |
Repatriation | a refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non governmental organization |
Asylum seekers | migrant who claims the right to protection as a refugee in a country other than their home country |
Internally displaced persons | people who have been displaced within their home country and do not cross international boundaries |
Bracero program | laws and agreements passed in the US and Mexico in 1942 to encourage Mexicans to migrate to the United States to work in agriculture |