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Chapter 2
Human Geography
Question | Answer |
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Demography | The study of general population trends |
Population Density | Number of people per unit area of land |
Arithmetic Population Density | Number of people per unit area of land. To calculate divide the population by the amount of land. |
Population distribution | Description of spatial distribution of people including where large number of people live closely together and where few people live |
Dot maps | Thematic map where individual symbols represent a certain number of cases for a phenomenon. For example, a map where one dot represents 100,000 people. |
Megalopolis | An urban agglomeration that stretches from Washington DC in the south to Boston Massachusetts in the north. |
Natural Increase Rate | difference between number of births and deaths in a year. Positive is birth exceeds death, negative if death exceeds birth. Not including emigration and immigration. |
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | Number of live births per 1000 people among a population in an area in a year |
Crude Death Rate (CDR) | Number of deaths per 1000 people among a population in an area in a year |
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate | Percent of women who are currently using or have a sexual partner who is using a method of contraception |
Doubling time | Time needed for a population to double in size |
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | The average number of children born to a woman of child bearing age |
Old age dependency ratio | number of people 65 years or older for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 (working age population) |
Child dependency ratio | Number of people between the ages of 0-14 for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 (working age population) |
Population composition | Structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education |
Population pyramids | a graphic representation of the age and sex composition of a population |
Demographic Transition | Observation that a country's birth rate and death rate change in predictable ways over stages of economic development. |
Zero Population growth | A state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births |
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | Probability per 1000 live births that a child will dies before reaching age 1 year |
Life expectancy | The average number of years a person is expected to live |
Epidemiological transition | change in the pattern of mortality in a society from high mortality among infants and periods of widespread famine to high mortality from degenerative diseases which coincide with longer life expectancies |
infectious diseases | Diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Infectious diseases diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human |
degenerative diseases (chronic) | Generally long lasting afflictions now more common due to longer life expectancies |
genetic or inherited diseases | diseases caused by a variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in humans |
malaria | vectored disease spread by a certain type of mosquitoes |
expansive population policies | government population policies designed to encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth |
eugenic population policies | Government policies designed to limit population growth among a certain group of people |
restrictive population policies | Government policies designed to reduce the natural population increase (antinatalist) |