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Unit 9
Middle Ages/Renaissance/Reformation
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Crusades | A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in southwest Asia fought for control of the Holy Land from AD 1096-1291 |
Magna Carta | A document signed in AD 1215 by King John of England and required the king to honor basic rights of the English people. (It limited the king's power) |
Feudalism | A system of government under a local nobleman, or lord, who was bound with other local lords by ties of loyalty to their king in order to maintain military protection |
Manor | A large estate, often including farms and a village, ruled by a lord. |
Manorialism | The economic ties between the nobles and the peasants who worked on their lands (Self Sufficient property) |
Middle Ages | The period of about 1,000 years between the Fall of Rome in AD 400 and the beginning of modern Europe in AD 1450 |
Martin Luther | German monk, questioned the Roman Catholic Church, was excommunicated. Wrote the 95 theses began the Protestant Reformation |
Vassals | Another name for knights; lesser nobles who served in war as mounted warriors |
Protestant | protesters who felt that the Roman Catholic Church wasn’t doing what they should be and formed their own form of Christianity (Reformation Period) |
Bubonic Plague | A widespread disease; a deadly contagious disease caused by bacteria and spread by fleas; also called the Black Death |
Serf | Another name for peasants; they were bound to the land they worked on with an agreement of protection |
Charlemagne | King of the Franks; a brilliant warrior and strong leader; crowned Emperor of the Romans in AD 800 |
Divine Right | Chosen by God; given the right to rule however you choose |
Three Field Crop Rotation | A way of farming that improved and increased the quality and variety of crops |
Christianity | the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices |
William the Conqueror | Powerful French noble who conquered England, he brought feudalism to England |
Renaissance | Comes from the Latin word “rinascere” meaning to be reborn; started in Northern Italy in the 1300s |
Reformation | a 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches. |
Catholic | a member of the Roman Catholic Church |
King John | King of England from 1199 to 1216; succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Richard I ; lost his French possessions; in 1215 John was compelled by the barons to sign the Magna Carta (1167-1216) |
Knight | (in the Middle Ages) a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor. |
Vikings | any of the Scandinavian seafaring pirates and traders who raided and settled in many parts of northwestern Europe in the 8th–11th centuries. |
Baron | a member of the lowest order of the British nobility; referred to as a lord |