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Chapter 23

The French Revolution and Napoleon

TermDefinition
Louis XVI Not considered a great leader. Inherited debt and was more concerned with his personal matters rather than governing. Married Marie Antoinette. Supported Americans against the British.
Maximilien Robespierre Radical figure in the French Revolution who was a Jacobin. He headed the Committee of Public Safety for a time. Overthrown and executed in 1794.
Napoleon Bonaparte French Military leader who eventually became the Emperor of France. He reorganized government, education, and updated civic codes, including governing law.
Guillotine In France, a machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading people.
Declaration of the Rights of Man A human civil rights document from the French Revolution that inspired many during this time period. States that men are born and remain free and equal in rights.
Napoleonic Codes French civil code that reorganized laws over society. Generally speaking it gave more control to men over their families, limited women's' rights, and reduced the rights of illegitimate children.
Tennis Court Oath An oath taken to not leave until the constitution for France was developed and accepted.
French Revolution A period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies beginning in 1789 and ending in 1799. Reasons for the revolution included... Enlightenment Ideas
Reign of Terror Was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the First French Republic, a series of massacres and numerous public executions took place.
Coup d'Etat This is the removal of an existing government from power, usually through violent means. Typically, it is an illegal, unconstitutional seizure of power by a political faction, the military, or a dictator.
Marie Antoinette Wife of Louis XVI. Member of the royal family of Austria. Not liked in France and spent way too much money on personal items and affairs.
First Estate Made up of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. Did not support Enlightenment ideas. Less than 1% of the population in France.
Second Estate Made up of rich nobles who held the highest offices in government. Disagreed about enlightenment ideas. About 2% of the population in France.
Third Estate Included the Bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers. Had no power to influence the government. Supported Enlightenment ideas. ABout 98% of the population in France.
Continental System Napoleon's attempt to limit trade and communication between Great Britain and other European countries. Used a blockade to try and enforce this.
Scorched Earth Policy Policy of leaving nothing behind of use for an opponent to use. In this context, was used by the Russians when Napoleon tried to invade Russia.
Waterloo Napoleons defeat in Belgium. Combine forces of Great Britain and Prussia defeated the weary French Troops. Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena after this defeat.
Battle of Trafalgar Resulted in Napoleon giving up his quest to invade Great Britain and assured that Great Britain's navy would dominate the seas for the next 100 years.
Congress of Vienna A series of meetings in which the European leader sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of Napoleon. This included trying to strengthen the countries surrounding France to keep the French in check.
Bourgeoisie Merchants and artisans of the Third Estate in France. Well-educated and believed strongly in the ideas of the Enlightenment.
Plebiscite The direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question such as a change in the constitution
Jean Paul Marat French journalist and politician during the French Revolution who was seen as a radical. He stirred up the violent mood in Paris and was the one who had the challenging skin condition.
Committee of Public Safety Committee established during the French Revolution to identify "enemies of the republic."
Klemens von Metternich Foreign Minister of Austria who was extremely influential during the Congress of Vienna.
Created by: tderue
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