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Genetics Review- 7
Principles of Genetics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Heredity | The passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring. |
Genetics | The study of genes or inheritable traits passed on from one generation of an organism to the next. |
Gene | A section of the DNA molecule that will code for a particular inheritable trait. |
DNA | The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed on from parent to offspring. |
What is DNA composed of? | Many building blocks known as nucleotides. |
What is a nucleotide made up of? | A phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar and a nitrogen base. |
What does the sequences of nitrogen bases code for? | The production of Amino Acids. |
What are the building blocks of proteins called? | Amino Acids |
The production of amino acids will create larger proteins which in turn will develop into what? | Inheritable trait. |
What is DNA also called? | A Double Helix (2-sided molecule). |
What is the backbone of the DNA called and what is its function? | Sugar-phosphate spine. It gives the molecule stability. |
What are the names of the four Nitrogen Bases found in DNA? | Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Adenine (A), Thymine (T) |
Meiosis | The creation of sex cells (egg or sperm) which contain ½ of the genetic information of an organism. |
How many genes does each organism receive for each trait? | 2. One from the male (sperm) and one from the female (egg). |
Alleles | Different forms of a gene. |
Dominant Allele | An allele that can hide or mask another allele. -- Represented by a Capital Letter. --Ex. Brown Hair = B |
Recessive Allele | An allele which is hidden by a dominant allele. -- Represented by a lower case letter. --Ex. Blond hair = b |