Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AICP
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Communicative Planning Theory | Consensus Building. AKA Collaborative Planning. Gathers stakeholders and engages them in a process to make decisions together respectfully |
| Transactive Planning | Focuses on interpersonal dialogue that develops ideas, which will be turned into action. Working one on one with citizens to develop a plan. John Friedmann |
| Public Facilities Ordinance | Allows the City to determine when infrastructure will be extended and maintain an adequate level of service |
| Federal definition of homelessness | "lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence ... and has a primary night residency that is: a shelter or “a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings." |
| Mugler v. Kansas | The US Supreme Court found that a Kansas prohibition law did not infringe on 14th amendment rights and that the state legislature may exercise police powers. |
| 14th Amendment | “nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law” |
| Downzoning | Reducing the intensity of zoning on a site |
| New Urbanism | An alternative to conventional suburban development, i.e., suburban sprawl. The movement focuses on creating walkable, diverse, complete neighborhoods as an alternative to car-dependent, homogenous suburbs. |
| What is the typical timeline of a comprehensive plan? | 20 years |
| What is the average width of a parking space in a parking lot? | Ranges from 7.5 feet for a compact car to 9 feet for a standard vehicle. |
| Section 404 of the Clean Water Act | Establishes a program to regulate the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, including wetlands. Actions that affect wetlands often require state and federal agency review. |
| Nonsampling error | A term used in statistics that refers to an error that occurs during data collection, causing the data to differ from the true values |
| Regression error | Standard error of the estimate, represents the average distance that the observed values fall from the regression line. |
| Location Quotient | a way of quantifying how concentrated an industry is within an area compared to the country as a whole. Utilizing the location quotient is powerful way to identify growth opportunities and comparative regional advantages. |
| Import industry | Industries in which the proportion of employment is less than the national average and thus not high enough to sustain the region’s economic demand. Must import workers from elsewhere. Location quotient = <1. |
| Export Industry | Industries an producing more of a product or service than is consumed by area residents. The excess is available for export outside the area. Location Quotient = >1 |
| Neighborhood Unit Concept | Clarence Perry's ideal neighborhood that creates walkability and access. 5-9,000 residents with a density of 10 units per acre and a school at the center and buildings around the edges for shopping. published in Regional Survey of NY and Its Environs |
| Council of Governments (CoG) | Regional governing and/or coordinating bodies |
| Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act | Requires that religious freedom not be interrupted by treating churches with stronger requirements than other like uses. |
| 5th Amendment | Prohibits governments from taking private property without just compensation. "No person shall be...deprived of...property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation". |
| City Beautiful Movement | Daniel Burnham. civic design as a primary principle. D.C and Chicago |
| Dillon's Rule | Local governments are not provided with authority absent an express delegation of power from the state. |
| Kelo v. City of New London | The Fifth Amendment does not require a literal public use. The city's taking of private property to sell for private development qualified as a "public use" within the meaning of the takings clause. |
| Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Company | Euclid's zoning significantly restricted the way Ambler could develop their land. Ambler sued on the basis of the 14th Amendment. The damages were ruled insufficient and Euclid's zoning is a valid use of police power. |
| Keystone Bituminous Coal Association. v. DeBenedictis | PA DER prevented coal miners from removing more than 50% of coal from mines located beneath buildings. Ruled not a taking |
| Koontz v. St. John’s River Water Management | The Court held that the government may not conditionally approve land-use permits unless the conditions are connected to the land use and approximately proportional to the effects of the proposed land use. |
| Indian Reorganization Act | 1934 Act allowed Native Americans to adopt a constitution and organize for their common welfare. |
| What is the typical floor height | 12 ft |
| How many acres does it take to feed a family of 4? | 2 acres |
| Private easements | when a property owner sells an easement to an individual. e.g. solar access easement |
| Columbia, Maryland | A 14,000 acre master planned development by the Rouse Company in 1963. Developed to provide jobs, recreation, shopping, health care, and a mix of housing at different price points. Designed to create a jobs housing balance. |
| Binary variables | Can only take on two values, and are typically represented as 0 and 1. They are used for variables for which there are only two possible outcomes, such as male or female or yes or no. |
| Nuisance laws | Used prior to zoning to ensure that property owners were able to have the quiet enjoyment of their land. |
| Golden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo | The first time in the U.S. that a town was legally approved to control its own growth. Made development conditional based on the provision of services |
| What is the national rate of homeownership | 65% in 2010 |
| Average daily traffic (ADT) | the number of vehicles that travel on a road in a typical day. |
| Level of service (LOS) | mechanism used to determine how well a transportation facility is operating from a traveler's perspective. Categorizes traffic flow A-F |
| Pennsylvania Coal v. Mahon | Kohler Act restricted coal mining to an extent that violated the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment by depriving mine owners of coal without compensation |
| Beneficiary assessments | Used by the World Bank and other orgs to make sure that project beneficiaries can provide insights on how a project will affect them, esp those underserved qualitative info about the development activity. interviews, focus groups, and participant observat |
| The National Corridor Planning and Development Program and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program | CORBOR. provided funding between 1999 and 2005 but was discontinued under The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program |
| Audience Response System | instant polling software used in conjunction with a slide presentation |
| In new development, who is typically responsible for construction of streets, curbs, water, and sewer on the development project site? | The developer |
| Board of Zoning Adjustments | act in a quasi-judicial manner and can grant variances and hear appeals. The enactment of the zoning ordinance and special exceptions are achieved through a legislative process with the planning commission. |
| Coalition building | brings parties who agree together to promote an idea. |
| Consensus building | bring together the stakeholders to work together to come to a solution. |
| Climate change strategic points for intervention | I. Long-Range Goal Setting II. Plan Making III. Standards, Policies, and Incentives IV. Public Investment V. Development Work |
| Saul David Alinsky | community organizer and activist. founded the Industrial Areas Foundation in Chicago. Advocated the use of protests, boycotts, rent strikes, marches, and disruption of normal activities. |
| Biophilic Design | brings humans and nature together through sustainable strategies, which can include lighting, ventilation, access to water and natural elements |
| coupon rate | the rate of interest for bonds, notes, and other securities. the annual rate of interest paid on a bond that a borrower pays to the bondholder |
| General Obligation Bond | a municipal bond backed solely by the credit and taxing power of the issuing jurisdiction rather than the revenue from a given project |
| Fire ratings | Based on the distance to the nearest fire station and the availability of water to service a fire. |
| Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Commission | The court found that Lucas was deprived of all economically viable use of the property amounting to a taking calling for just compensation under the Fifth and 14th amendments. |
| Executive Order (E.O.) 12898 - 1992 Environmental justice definition | The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. |
| metropolitan planning organization (MPO) | transit policy-making orgs. required for populations >50K. Created to ensure existing and future for trans projects are based on a continuing, cooperative and comprehensive planning process. Fed funding for transit projects come through this process. |
| development agreement | can be used to clarify what infrastructure will be provided as part of a development. on-site |
| 1937 Housing Act | I. It established a permanent public housing program in the U.S. II. It tied slum clearance to public housing. III. It established Section 8 housing, which authorized the payment of rental housing assistance to private landlords. |
| County Board of Commissioners | the governing body responsible for oversight of emergency management and hazard mitigation for the county. |
| Lease-Purchase | allows for the rental of a building or property with the exclusive option to purchase at specified points in the agreement. |
| Tax Increment Financing (TIF) | a tool used by municipal governments to stimulate economic development in a targeted geographical area. TIFs are used to finance redevelopment projects or other investments using the anticipation of future tax revenue resulting from new development. |
| concurrency requirement | development cannot occur until capital improvements are in place. |
| arterial street | limits direct access to homes and businesses |
| base map | used as the starting point for many planning projects and shows the essential natural or man-determined features of an area: |
| Agins v. City of Tiburon | A regulation is a taking if it deprives the property of all economic value and does not advance a governmental interest. A temporary deprivation does not cause a taking. |
| stratified sample | the population is divided into strata according to variables that are thought to be related to the variables of interest. Then a sample is taken from every stratum. intended to reduce sampling error b/c the strata are related to the variables of interest |
| cluster sample | the population is divided into clusters and a sample of the clusters is taken, but only some of the clusters are taken. This tends to increase sampling error because it is possible clusters can be similar. |
| Associated Home Builders of Greater East Bay v. City of Livermore | Livermore enacted an ordinance that prohibited the issuance of new residential building permits until the proper infrastructure were in compliance. ruled a valid use of police powers. |
| Fiscal-impact analysis | a tool that compares, for a given project or policy change, changes in governmental costs against changes in governmental revenues. best used for a single development project |
| Change Interval | describes the amount of time between messages appearing on a digital sign. |
| Nollan v. California Coastal Commission | Coastal Commission required owners of beachfront property wishing to obtain a building permit to maintain a pathway on their property open to the public. ruled a taking. Must be an "essential nexus" between a state interest and the permit condition |
| advocacy planning | created by Paul Davidoff, emphasized the importance of planning for the needs of diverse groups of stakeholders in the community. |
| nominal group technique | allows for brainstorming allowing for all members of a group to meaningfully participate. There are silent times allowing for idea generation followed by individual sharing of ideas. |
| Cost Revenue analysis | takes into account anticipated revenues and expected expenditures both in capital and recurring sources. |
| Critical Path Method | a project management technique. Allows you to determine and efficient timeline |
| Arbitration | a form of dispute resolution. In arbitration an independent third party makes a judicial determination of a dispute. Arbitration is commonly used in union contract disputes. |
| Drosscape | an urban design framework that examines urbanized regions as the product of past economic and industrial processes. The concept developed by Alan Berger focuses on the redesign and adaptive reuse of ‘waste landscapes’ within regions. |
| satisficing | a decision-making strategy that entails searching through the available alternatives until an acceptability threshold is met. Herbert Simon |
| chicane | a short, shallow S-shaped turn that requires drivers to turn slightly left and then right again to stay on the road which results in slowing speeds down. Chicanes are most effective when there are volumes of traffic that are similar from both approaches. |
| Roundabouts | intended to slow traffic while increasing traffic efficiency |
| Greenfields | land that is not currently used for development. |
| Grayfields | former development sights that are not contaminated. |
| Browntowns | cities with minority mayors. |
| Adverse abandonment | acquiring land abandoned by a railroad. |
| Metromedia v. City of San Diego | The city passed an ordinance that banned off-premise signage. Metromedia alleged a violation of free speech (1st) and due process (14th). Court found that commercial and non-commercial speech cannot be treated differently and that the ordinance gave prefe |
| Young v. American Mini Theaters | Adult movie theater was prohibited from locating within 1000 ft from another building and 500 ft a residential area. Ruled not a violation of 1st and 14th |
| City of Renton v. Playtime Theaters | Renton, WA, enacted a zoning ordinance that prohibited adult motion picture theaters from locating with in 1,000 feet of any residential zone. Court ruled it did not violate 1st or 14th, because it was not a ban altogether. |
| Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) | based on the concept of at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core. |
| Charrette | type of participatory planning process that assembles an interdisciplinary team of stakeholders to create a design and implementation plan for a specific project. It differs from a traditional community consultation process in that it is design based. |
| 1901 Tenement Act | resulted from deteriorating conditions in the increasingly overcrowded tenement districts of New York. The result was an increase in the number of windows, plumbing on each floor, and outlawing Dumbbell Tenements. |
| Norman Krumholz | equity planning theory |
| Computer-Aided Negotiation | allows for models to be quickly developed and allows participants to search for alternatives that can best meet interested parties needs. STELLA |
| Radburn, New Jersey | Designed by Henry Wright based on the Garden City Model. Superblock design with the car in mind |
| Economic base analysis | looks at basic and non-basic economic activities. Basic activities are those that can be exported, such as automotive manufacturing. |
| Shift-share analysis | takes the change over time of an economic variable, such as employment, within industries of a regional economy, and divides that change into various components. |
| Mariemont, OH | planned automobile suburb in 1923 |
| Letchworth, England | Worlds first garden city (1909) |
| micropolitan statistical area | will contain at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 and less than 50,000 people. |
| Facilitators | meant to be neutral parties, and their role is to record (or possibly group together) issues and solutions. They should not be put in charge of presenting issues or suggesting possible solutions. |
| MAP-21 | Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act. provides funding for passenger rail, public transit, bicycle, and pedestrian paths. |
| Hectare | 2.47 acres |
| Nectow v. City of Cambridge, | The plaintiffs alleged that the zoning ordinance was a violation of the due process and equal protection clauses of the 14th Amendment. |
| Metropolitan Water District of Southern California | created in 1927 in order to create the Colorado River Aqueduct. It was built between 1933 and 1941 and is owned and operated by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. It ran a water pipeline to Los Angeles. |
| Effluent Standards | set restrictions on the discharge of pollutants into the environment. |
| Aquifer | strata of rock or sediment that is saturated and sufficiently permeable to yield economically significant quantities of water. includes any geologic material that is currently used or could be used as a source of water within the target distance limit. |
| Estuary | an area where freshwater meets saltwater |
| Marsh | type of freshwater, brackish water or saltwater wetland found along rivers, ponds, lakes, and coasts. It does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation. |
| Reservoir | a pond, lake, tank, or basin that can be used for the storage and control of water, and can be either natural or man-made. |
| Swamp | a freshwater wetland that has spongy, muddy land and a lot of water. |
| Wetlands | swamps, marshes, bogs, etc. that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. can be natural or constructed. |
| The Clean Water Act | 1972, with a major amendment in 1977. Requires anyone wanting to discharge pollutants into a body of water to obtain a permit. It also regulates the amount of water that can be discharged and the types of pollutants that can be released. |
| Point Source Discharge Permit | obtained from the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) in order to discharge pollutants into the water |
| Clean Air Act | 1970. cut off federal funding for metropolitan areas that are not in attainment. In non-attainment areas, new pollution sources are allowed only if there is a reduction in pollutants greater than the pollutants contributed by the source. |
| Clean Air Act Pollutant monitoring | Ozone Particulate Matter Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide Lead |
| Ambient Air Quality Standards | the maximum air contaminant concentrations allowed in the ambient air |
| National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) | requires Federal agencies to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for all major Federal actions that may significantly affect the quality of the human environment. |
| The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 | prohibited the construction of any bridge, dam, dike, or causeway over any navigable waterway in the U.S. w/o Congressional approval. Also required Congressional approval for all wharves, piers, or jetties, and the excavation or fill of navigable waters. |
| The Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 | allowed the Surgeon General of the Public Health Serviceo prepare a comprehensive program for eliminating or reducing the pollution of interstate waters and tributaries and improving the sanitary condition of surface and underground waters. |
| The Water Quality Act of 1965 | established the Water Pollution Control Administration within the Department of the Interior. This was the first time water quality was treated as an environmental concern rather than a public health concern. |
| The Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) of 1978 | promotes alternative energy sources, energy efficiency, and reduced dependence on foreign oil. It also created a market for non-utility power producers and requires competition in the utility industry. |
| The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 | created a $1.6 billion Superfund to clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites and requires major industries to report annual releases of toxic wastes into the air, water, or ground. 1,200+ superfund sites in the US |
| The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 | gave EPA with the ability to control hazardous waste from the "cradle-to-grave." Includes the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of (non) hazardous waste + underground storage tanks for fuel and other hazardous substances. |
| The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 | provided EPA with responsibility for reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements, and restrictions relating to chemical substances and/or mixtures |
| Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) | The EPA regulate the use and sale of pesticides to protect human health and the environment. |
| Safe Drinking Water Act 1974 | This law protects both the sources of drinking water and the end product. |
| Brownfields | real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. |
| Enterprise zones | geographic areas in which companies can qualify for a variety of subsidies to encourage businesses to stay, locate, or expand in depressed areas and thereby help to revitalize them. |
| Context-Sensitive Design (CSD) | roadway standards and development practices that are flexible and sensitive to community values. The CSD allows design decisions to better balance economic, social and environmental objectives within the community |
| Form-based code | zoning code that regulates development to achieve a specific urban form. addresses the relationship b/t building facades and public realm, the form and mass of buildings in relation to one another, and scale and types of streets and blocks. form over use. |
| Lacustrine | relating to or associated with lakes. |
| Littoral | relating to or situated on the shore of the sea or a lake. |
| Oligotrophic | A lake relatively low in plant nutrients and containing abundant oxygen in the deeper parts. Deep clear and sandy bottom |
| Palustrine | a system of inland, nontidal wetland marsh characterized by the presence of trees, shrubs, and emergent vegetation (vegetation that is rooted below water but grows above the surface) |
| Limnology | Study of inland waters - lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams, wetlands, and groundwater |
| The Air Quality Index | measures the concentration level of six pollutants. An overall rating of 101 to 150 is harmful for people with respiratory problems but little risk for most of the population. |
| Leapfrog development | The development of inexpensive agricultural land on the urban-rural fringe beyond more expensive land, located not immediately adjacent to existing development. requires extension of public facilities |
| Participatory Rural Appraisal | a group of techniques that allow for the provision and analysis of information by the public. These are typically highly visual including creation of maps or picture cards. |
| Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act | even goals including safety, infrastructure condition, congestion reduction, system reliability, freight movement & economic vitality, environmental sustainability and reduced project delivery delays. |
| Regional tax sharing | all of the municipalities within a metropolitan area agree to share tax proceeds from new development |
| Regression Analysis | A statistic that provides an estimate of one variable based upon other variables |
| CommunityViz | a software program that allows for the creation of 3-D models to assist citizens in visualizing change in an area. |
| Zero Based Budgeting | uses decision packages that can be independently decided upon for funding purposes. |
| Euclidean buffer | measures the distance in two-dimensional Cartesian plan – that is straight line distances are calculated. This type of buffer works well when working at a city scale. |
| push analysis | determines the sales capacity of a market area and if the introduction of a new business will generate additional customers. |
| Zero lot line | A structure located on a lot that comes up to or very near to the edge of the property line. e.g. Rowhouses, garden homes, patio homes and townhomes |
| National Heritage Areas | legislatively authorized because they demonstrate a nationally unique natural, cultural, historic or scenic resource and link natural and cultural resources |
| Regional input-output modeling system | provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis provides employment multipliers based on the North American Industrial Classification System which can be used to calculate a location quotient. |
| Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (1990) | created the HOME program |
| Management By Objectives | Peter Drucker - a process of agreeing upon objectives within an organization so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they are. |
| Wagner-Steagall (Housing Act) Act of 1937 | slum clearance - a 2-tiered policy of providing mortgage insurance promoting home ownership for the middle class, while creating public housing for the poor. The neighborhood composition rule created a class and race segregation. |
| enterprise fund | an account that manages the revenues and expenditures of a self-sufficient activity such as a minor league baseball park, parking garage or zoo. |
| Legislative vs. Quasi-judicial decisions | legislative decisions establish policies for future application, while quasi-judicial, or administrative decisions are the application of those policies. |
| SmartCode | a model transect-based planning and zoning document based on environmental analysis. |
| Appalachian Regional Commission | multi-state commission |
| orthographic map | one that uses orthographic projection, which is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. likely involved in a base map or computer screen (GIS) map |
| Urban Service Limit Line | a boundary, sometimes parcel-specific, located to mark the outer limit beyond which urban development will not be allowed. Aim of discouraging urban sprawl by containing development during a specified period, and its location may be modified over time. |
| Plebiscite | a direct vote on an issue |
| Translational research | aims to make findings from basic science useful for practical applications that enhance human health and well-being |
| Matrix Organization | has staff members working across departments on functional teams. This can be effective in breaking down silos |
| Floating Easement | when there is no fixed location, route, method, or limit to the right of way. becomes fixed after construction |
| Appurtenant easement | a right to use adjoining property that transfers with the land. The land that benefits is the dominant tenement. The servient tenement is the parcel that provides the easement. allows prop. owners to access land only accessible through a neighbor's land. |
| In gross easement | benefits an individual or legal entity, rather than a dominant estate. For personal or commercial use. Not inheritable, but transferable to third party. Must be exclusive. |
| Easement by prescription | implied easement granted after the dominant estate has used the property in a hostile, continuous and open manner for a statutorily prescribed number of years. |
| Ecoregions | intended to provide a spatial framework for ecosystem assessment, research, inventory, monitoring, and management. delimit large areas within which local ecosystems reoccur more or less throughout the region in a predictable pattern. multi-purpose regions |
| Capillary Fringe | the subsurface layer in which groundwater seeps up from a water table by capillary action to fill pores. Pores at the base of the capillary fringe are filled with water due to tension saturation. |
| Earned Value (EV) | a method for measuring the progress of a project against the plan. EV gives a standard way to determine if there is any variance between where you are supposed to be in the project, and where you actually are. |
| connectivity index | the density of connections in a road network and the directness of links. A well-connected road = short links, intersections and minimal dead ends. The higher the ratio the greater the connectivity, more route options + direct travel between destinations |
| Goals Achievement Matrix (GAM) | Project evaluation matrix - competing projects in rows and evaluation criteria in columns. Evaluation criteria based on stakeholder groups that may be impacted by costs/receive benefits. shows anticipated attainment of project's goals. |
| Gantt Chart | focuses on the sequence of tasks necessary for project completion. shows dependency of each task |
| Linear programming | attempts to find the optimum design solution for a project. Takes a set of decision variables within constraints and comes up with an optimum design solution. |
| Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) | Scheduling method that graphically illustrates the interrelationships of project tasks. Good choice when precise time estimates are not available for project tasks. Widely used in defense industry |
| PERT Planning Process | 1. Identify the specific activities and milestones 2. Determine the proper sequence of activities 3. Construct a network diagram 4. Determine the critical path 5. Update as project progresses |
| Critical Path Method (CPM) | Analysis of a project. Each task has a known amount of time to complete and cannot be completed before the previous one is completed. longest pathway is the critical pathway |
| Negotiation-based Land Value Recapture | negotiating development agreements that tie increased densities to community amenity contributions. |
| SARAR | Self-esteem, Associative strength, Resourcefulness, Action planning, and Responsibility. This is a series of techniques designed to be highly visual and accessible to those who cannot read or write. |
| Cocentric Theory | A city is seen as a set of cocentric rings. As the city grows, each ring invades and overtakes the next ring out – Invasion/Succession. • The central business district (CBD) • Independent worker housing • Better housing • Commuter/suburban housing |
| Sector Theory | Hoyt, 1939 - High-density residential, commercial, and industrial uses radiate out from the CBD in sectors that follow major transportation routes. Expensive housing radiates towards large open spaces and higher ground. Cheap housing takes w/e is left. |
| Multiple Nuclei Zone Theory | Harris and Ullman, 1945: Certain land uses group together to take advantage of unique facilities (e.g., universities), specializations, codependencies, or externalities. This theory is often applied to cities with more than one CBD. |
| Oregon’s Measure 37 | any land regulation that devalues property in any way entitles the owner of such land to either 1) be compensated to the amount the property is devalued, or 2) be basically exempted from that regulation. |
| Positively Skewed distribution | There is a greater proportion of the data at the lower end. |
| negatively skewed distribution | there is a greater proportion of the data at the upper end |
| Proportional Valuation Method | examines increases in community revenues and expenditures in development. Costs and revenues are allocated to residential, commercial and industrial uses in proportion to the share each represents of the total property base reflected in property value |
| Hoshin Kanri | method for ensuring that strategic goals drive progress and action at every level within that organization. Process includes establishing a vision, developing objectives, deploy annual objectives, implement objectives, + review progress monthly + annually |
| United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) | a federal agency under the U.S. Department of the Interior. It oversees water resource management related to irrigation, water supply, and hydroelectric power generation in the western US. |
| ethical firewall | creates a wall between elected officials and the line staff who are charged with administering the regulations of the organization |
| Two types of local governments | 1) general-purpose local government, which includes counties and townships; and 2) single-purpose, which includes school districts and fire districts. |
| Pedestrian Pocket | a mixed use development of up to 110 acres with a park at the center. Peter Calthorpe |
| Landscape Urbanism | focused on shaping the city through its landscape. Based on the description the focus on horizontal alignment references the landscape (compared to a focus on vertical/building alignment). |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | a rectangular survey where coordinates were created for all of the country west of the Appalachians. "The largest single act of national planning in our history.” set up a standardized system. |
| program monitoring system | documents progress, collects feedback and allows for plan revisions as needed. |
| Number of Homeless in USA | In 2018, the number was estimated at 554,000 |
| planning cell | allows citizens to learn about, assess and choose between multiple alternatives. approximately 25 people from various backgrounds work together to develop a set of solutions to a problem delegated to the participants by a commissioning body. |
| American Community Survey | It uses a series of monthly samples to produce annually updated estimates for census tracts and block groups. |
| Low-Income Housing Tax Credit | States manage the LIHTC program through a state housing finance agency. The state housing agency has wide discretion in determining which projects to award credits, and applications are considered under the state's "Qualified Allocation Plan" (QAP). |
| Normative theory | how a city ought to be. "spindly and starved for light" - Kevin Lynch |
| New Markets Tax Credit Program | spurs business development by providing tax credit incentives to investors for equity investments in Community Development Entities. The Community Development Entities then invest in development in low-income communities. |
| Multi-attribute Utility Analysis | allows for weighting of a series of values dimensions. For example, participants are given a number of points that can be allocated between the value dimensions or participants can be asked which of two values is more important. |
| Fishbowl Planning | Citizens address themselves to proposals through workshop formats. |
Created by:
kbreal
Popular Miscellaneous sets