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Path Lymph/Immune
Pathologies of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Edema | accumulation of excessive fluid between cells |
| Peripheral edema | fluid retention in the extremities and is most likely to happend in relation to local injury |
| Pulmonary edema | retention of fluid in the lungs |
| Lipedema | fat cells in the lower extremities become enlarged, while the rest of the body is not affected |
| Lymphedema | accumulation of protein-rich interstitial fluid in the extremities |
| Lymphangitis | an infection with inflammation in the lymphangions (segments of primary lymphatic vessels) |
| Lymphoma | a collective name for up to 60 types of cancer that start in the lymph nodes |
| Hodgkin's lymphoma | involves the mutation of B cells into large, malignant, multinucleate cells called Reed-Sternberg cells. It is seen most often in the submandibular lymph nodes but can also occur at the axillary and inguinal nodes |
| Non-hodgkin's lymphoma | subtypes of lymphoma that affect B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. As a group, these are more common, tends to be less predictable, and can be harder to treat successfully |
| Mononeucleosis | viral infection that begins in the salivary glands and throat and then moves into the lymphatic system; causative agent in about 90% of all cases is the Epstein-Barr virus |
| Allergy | immune system reactions against stimulithat are not inherently hazardous |
| Chronic fatigue syndrome | a collection of signs and symptoms that affect multiple systems in the body. It varies in severity from mildly limiting to completely debilitating; fatigue is the central symptom and not restored by sleep or rest |
| Fever | also called pyrexia, is an abnormally high body temperature. It is usually brought about by bacterial or viral infection, but sometimes it is triggered by a brain injury or other types of tissue damage |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), attacks various agents of the immune system with disastrous results |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | progressive inflammatory arthritis of the spine. inflammation leads to stiff joint and can become permanently fused |
| Crohn's disease | progressive inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. Advanced cases may also involve tissues outside the digestive system |
| Lupus | autoimmune disease in which various types of tissues are attacked by the immune system. Can range from mild to life threatening. It can attack the heart, lungs, kidneys, and the brain |
| Multiple sclerosis | characterized by inflammation and degeneration of myelin sheaths in the spinal cord and brain. It is related to immune system dysfunction, but the triggering pathogens or other precipitators appear to vary |
| Psoriasis | chronic disease in which skin cells, which normally replicate every 28–32 days, are replaced every 3–4 days. Instead of sloughing off, they accumulate into itchy, scaly plaques on the skin, usually on the scalp, trunk,elbows, and knees |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | immune system cells attack the synovial membranes of various joints and can also involve inflammation of tissues outside the musculoskeletal system |
| Scleroderma | inflammation stimulates fibroblasts in small blood vessels to produce abnormal amounts of collagen. this frequently occurs in the skin |
| Ulcerative colitis | autoimmune dieseae that causes inflammation and shallow ulcers; limited to the large intestine |
| AIDS | acquired immunodficiency syndrome; end stage of HIV. Diagnosed when T-cell count drops to 200 cells per milliliter or below and indicator diseases begin to develop |
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