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A&P Ch 3 Cells
Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell? | Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus |
| Function of a membrane protein that binds with hormones and neurotransmitters? | This protein acts as a receptor |
| Diffusion is: | The movement or spreading of a substance in solution down its concentration gradient, from higher concentration to lower concentration |
| If the solute concentration is greater in the solution on the inside of the cell compared to the solute concentration of the solution that is outside the cell, then what direction will water move? | Into the cell |
| The pressure on water, proportional to the concentration of solute particles that cannot cross the plasma membrane is | osmotic pressure |
| How does the nutrient glucose enter cells? | Facilitated diffusion via a carrier protein |
| In this transport process, the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients. | Active transport |
| If a red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution: | Water molecules enter and exit the cell at the same rate, allowing the cell to maintain its normal shape and volume |
| If a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution: | Water molecules exit the cell faster than they enter, causing the cell to shrink |
| This is a transport process by which cells take up extracellular substances within vesicles. | Endocytosis |
| This is a process used by white blood cells to capture and destroy bacteria or viruses. | Phagocytosis |
| List 3 parts of a cytoplasm of a cell? | Cytosol, Most organelles, Cytoskeleton |
| The organelles where protein synthesis occurs are the: | Ribosomes |
| This organelle contains ribosomes, which synthesis proteins to be exported from the cell: | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| The organelle where proteins are packaged into vesicles for export from a cell is the: | Golgi complex |
| Proteasomes are organelles that: | Degrade faulty cellular proteins |
| What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm? | Nuclear envelope |
| The hereditary units contained within chromosomes in the nucleus are called? | Genes |
| This process is division of the cytoplasm during cell replication | Cytokinesis |
| Translation is: | Attachment of mRNA to a ribosome to direct protein synthesis |
| During which phase do organelles duplicate and centrosome replication occur? | Interphase |
| This process is division of the cytoplasm during cell replication | Cytokinesis |
| The cleavage furrow forms and divides the cell into 2 new cells during this phase of mitosis: | Telophase |
| This molecule binds to an amino acid and holds it in place on a ribosome until it is incorporated into a protein during translation. | tRNA |
| What are oncogenic viruses? | Viruses that can cause cancer |
| The characteristic of plasma membranes allowing only some substances to move through is known as: | Selective permeability |
| The basic framework of the plasma membrane consists of: | Phospholipids and proteins |
| Ion channels that allow the movement of ions into and out of cells are made from: | Integral proteins |
| This type of membrane protein helps to anchor proteins in the plasma membrane of neighboring cells to one another. | Linkers |
| This is the process by which gases move through a plasma membrane. | Simple diffusion |
| Substances that move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient (uphill) require: | Energy, in the form of ATP |
| In this type of transport process a solute, like glucose, binds to a specific transporter protein on one side of the membrane and is released on the other side after the transporter protein undergoes a change in shape. | Facilitated diffusion |
| If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution: | Water molecules enter the cell faster than they exit, causing the cell to swell |
| The most important active transport pump in the plasma membrane of cells is: | The sodium-potassium pump that uses ATP to remove excess sodium ions from the cell while bringing potassium ions into the cell |
| This is an extension of the plasma membrane that will surround a particle outside the cell forming a vesicle. | Pseudopod |
| This is a transport process by which cells secrete materials stored in vesicles into the extracellular fluid. | Exocytosis |
| The part of a cell where most organelles are found and many of the chemical reactions occur is the: | Cytosol |
| The organelle where proteins to be exported from the cell are synthesized is the: | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| Where are fatty acids and steroids, such as estrogens and testosterone, synthesized? | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| The organelles that carry proteins to the cell surface for export are: | Secretory vessels |
| Which organelle recycles worn out organelles? | Lysosomes |
| Which organelle oxidizes organic molecules? | Peroxisomes |
| What do mitochondria do? | Generate ATP |
| What is assembled in the nucleoli of the nucleus? | Ribosomes |
| This is one of 46 long molecules of gene-containing DNA in the nucleus of every cell of the body: | Chromosome |
| Transcription is: | Copying the genetic information in DNA base triplets into a complementary strand of mRNA |
| The production of body cells, or somatic cell division is called: | Mitosis |
| During this phase the chromatin fibers condense and shorten into chromosomes that are visible under the microscope. | Prophase |
| The function of mitosis is: | Production of new cells |
| The production of gametes, or reproductive cell division is called: | Meiosis |
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