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Medieval Europe
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The period from 5th century through the 15 century in Europe are referred to as the ______________ _____________. | Medieval Period |
| Social classes during the Middle Ages were defined by a strict ____________________. | hierarchy |
| Social classes were created to create ____________________ in society. | order |
| The _________________ _______________ was the center of social and religious life. | catholic church |
| The catholic church had _______________ hierarchy. | strict |
| In the beginning of the Middle Ages the church held more power then the ______________ or _______________. | king, queen |
| The conflicts between the Papacy and the European monarchs became known as the ________________ _______________. | Great Schism |
| The individuals at the lower levels of the hierarchy never interacted with monarchs and ___________________. | the pope |
| This time period had a lack of religious _____________________ shown in The Crusades. | tolerance |
| The period is also known for the ____________________ _______________ or Black Death. | Bubonic Plague |
| The bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church. | Pope |
| A community of monks living under religious vows. | Monastery |
| A member of a Roman Catholic religious order of men. | Friar |
| The dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands given to them by the monarchy in exchange for military service, vassels were tenants of the nobles, and peasants worked the nobility's lands in exchange for shelter. | Feudalism |
| A country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen. | kingdom |
| A male ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth. | king |
| A female ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth. | queen |
| Someone or something having power, authority, or influence; the title given to nobility in European Feudal systems. | lord |
| A man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor (a non hereditary title). | knight |
| An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate(essentially an indentured servant) | serf |
| A holder of land under the feudal system on conditions of public demonstrations of respect and allegiance to their lord | vassal |
| The medieval knightly system with its religious, moral and social code | chicalry |
| The office or authority of the Pope | Papacy |
| To officially exclude or ban someone from participation int he sacraments and services of the Christian Church | excommunicate |
| The sovereign (supreme) ruler of the Holy Roman Empire | Holy Roman Emperor |
| Also class the Patriarch of the Constantinople or the Ecumenical Patriarch - the top of the Eastern Orthodox religious hierarchy | Bishop of Constantinople |
| The break of communion between what are now the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches in the 11th century. Also called the East-West Schism | The Great Schism |
| A loose federation of Eastern churches that honor the patriarch of Constantinople and follow the first seven ecumenical councils and Byzantine rite | Eastern Orthodox Church |
| A series of aggressive military expeditions or Holy wars by Christian Europeans against the Muslims to take back the Holy Land | Crusades |
| The land of Israel (specifically including Jerusalem) considered holy because of its association with the birth, ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth | Holy Land |
| A holy city for Jews, Christians and Muslims; capital of the ancient kingdom of Judah and the modern state of Israel. | Jerusalem |
| One of the greatest reforming popes, greatly enforced celibacy for church officials, excommunicated Henry IV three different times | Pope Gregory VII |
| Became king of the Germans in 1056, was referred to as the Holy Roman Emperor, was excommunicated five times | Emperor Henry IV |
| On December 25, 800 ________________________ is crowned emperor by Pope Leo III. This made him the most powerful ruler of his time. | Charlemagne |
| Known as the __________________ ________________ it happened between 1096-1099 BC. It was called the people's crusade. It was led by Count Raymond IV of Toulouse. Took control of Jerusalem from the Turks | First Crusade |
| Between 1187-1192 CE Richard the Lionheart of England, Phillip II of France and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I led the _______________ ____________. They fought over the city of Jerusalem. It ended with a truce between Saladin, the sultan of Egypt | Third Crusade |
| Between 1187-1192 CE Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and King Louis VII of France led the ______________________ __________________. It was an unsuccessful attempt to recapture the city of Edessa. | Second Crusade |
| Led by Fulk of Neuil and formed by Pope Innocent III the __________________ ________________ got sidetracked from the goal of taking back Jerusalem and attacked Constantinople. (for money) | Fourth Crusade |
| Led by a french peasant boy, Stephen of Cloyes, tens of thousands of chidren marched to the holy land during the ______________ ___________________. | children's crusade |
| _________________ ____________ is forced to sign the Magna Carta that limited his power as king. | King John |
| Crusades 5 - 9 were not very ____________________. None of them were able to gain control over the holy land to bring back catholic power. | successful |
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