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WH2 Absolute Monarch
Absolute Monarchs & Enlightenment.
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Centralization | policy of government to maintain central control |
Divine Right | belief that a ruler's authority is God given |
Westernization | Modernization policies undertaken by Peter the Great in Russia |
Democracy | Government in which the citizens hold the final power |
Common Law | Body of laws that developed, case by case, from the rulings of England's Royal judges |
Glorious Revolution | Peaceful removal of England's James II form the throne and the recognition of William and Mary as the new monarchs who signed the English Bill of Rights |
Political Party | a group organized for the purpose of directing the policies of a government |
Constitution | the established laws of the United States |
Enlightenment | Period of the mid-18th century that was characterized by the use of reason and scientific methods |
Revolution | A sudden change, as in the overthrow of a ruler or government |
Separation of Powers | Division of governmental powers among three branches-executive, legislative, and judicial so that no single branch can become a threat to liberty |
Social Contract | Rousseau's belief that only legitimate government rules by consent of the people. The people can break the "contract" if their interests are not served |
Heliocentric Theory | Sun-centered model of the universe |
Geocentric Theory | Earth-centered model of the universe |
Scientific Method | Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas by forming a hypothesis and then testing it |
Absolute Monarch | Kings or Queens who hold all the power within their state's boundaries |
Peter the Great | Important leader of Russia who started Westernization |
Constitutional Monarchy | a government in which laws limit the ruler's power |
Louis XIV | Absolute monarch of France that built Versailles as the symbol of his power |
Thomas Hobbes | Author of Leviathan & believed that the best form of government was an absolute monarchy |
Charles I | King of England that attempted to be an absolute monarch, but lost a civil war & his head |
Galileo Galilei | Scientist that proved the heliocentric theory was correct by using a telescope |
Copernicus | Proposed the heliocentric theory and was later excommunicated by the Catholic church |
Johan Kepler | Used mathematics to prove the heliocentric theory, and proved that the planets orbit the sun in an ellipse |
William Harvey | Proved that the heart circulates the blood |