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L3 A&P - UNIT 1 - S2
Section 2: The musculoskeletal system and its relation to exercise
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Human movement is achieved by ? | muscle tissue pulling on bone |
| a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium (a type of connective tissue) is known as ? | a fascicle |
| Bones are covered with a tough outer tissue called the periosteum onto which ******* attach | tendons |
| the tough membrane that surrounds the whole muscle belly and holds the smaller fasciculi units together | Epimysium |
| bundles of muscle fibres are known as | fasciculi |
| the membrane which surrounds the bundles of muscle fibres | Perimysium |
| the membrane that surrounds the individual muscle fibres, which contain the myofibrils | Endomysium |
| the smallest unit, or fibril, within the individual muscle fibres are known as | myofibrils |
| a series of compartments which span the length of the myofibril are called | sarcomeres |
| The s********s are the working units of the muscle | sarcomeres |
| The explanation for how muscles work is called what theory | the sliding filament theory |
| what happens to muscles when multiple sarcomeres shorten simultaneously ? | they contract (shorten) |
| what provides the energy for the movement | ATP |
| what is created by the action of myosin pulling on actin. | Muscular force |
| There are a variety of different muscle fibres, each one of which is suited to a certain type of activity. They can be vaguely grouped into three categories: | type 1 (or slow-twitch); type 2a (or intermediate) and type 2b (or fast-twitch fibres) |
| which muscle fibre type can adapt to both aerobic, endurance-based exercise and powerful, high-intensity activities & change according to the type of training stimulus applied to the muscle tissue. | type 2a (or intermediate) |
| Performing an exercise safely, without the risk of injury, requires you to activate ******* with the correct ***** alignment | muscles + joint |
| what is the product of joint structure, muscle configuration and muscle activation. | Human movement |
| which shallow ball & socket joint is formed by the articulation of the scapula and the humerus | Shoulder joint |
| which Large, superficial muscles, provides the majority of movement at the Shoulder joint | the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and the deltoid, |
| Teres minor - Suprasinatus - Infraspinatus - Infraspinatus - are all part of which cuff & what joint do they help to stabilise ? | rotator cuff & shoulder joint |
| It runs laterally from the (rear) scapulae to the humerus, and helps with abduction and lateral rotation. (lowest muscle) | Teres minor |
| It runs laterally from the (rear) scapulae (slightly higher than the teres minor) to the humerus. It helps with horizontal extension, lateral rotation and abduction. | Infraspinatus |
| It runs from the underside of the scapula to the (front) of the humerus and helps with internal rotation and adduction. | Subscapularis |
| It runs superiorly (highest muscle)from the scapula to the top of the humerus and helps with shoulder abduction. | Suprasinatus |
| which of the four rotator cuff muscles are more prone to injury ? | Suprasinatus |
| The shoulder girdle is comprised of which skeletal bones ? | scapulae and clavicles left & right |
| The upper back of the posterior shoulder girdle is occupied by which 3 muscles ? T/R/LS | trapezius, rhomboids (major/minor)and levator scapulae muscles |
| which two muscles are part of the anterior to the shoulder girdle ? PM/SA | Pectoralis minor and serratus anterior. |
| which two muscles due to their anterior-inferior alignment enables them both to protract and depress the shoulder girdle ? PM/SA. | Pectoralis minor and serratus anterior. |
| which muscles originate from the costal bones and run to the anterior surfaces of the scapulae area ? PM/SA | Pectoralis minor and serratus anterior. |
| Name the 4 major muscles of the trunk RA/ES/IO/EO/ | rectus abdominis, internal & external obliques, erector spinae |
| which POSTERIOR back muscle runs from the iliac crest to the lumbar vertebrae and lower ribs. It helps to laterally flex and extend the spine and also assists in laterally tilting the pelvis. | quadratus lumborum |
| which POSTERIOR back muscle runs from the sacrum to the cervical spine. It links small sections of vertebrae together – each origin is linked to every 2nd and 4th vertebrae above it | multifidus |
| which long posterior back muscle facilitates control of flexion and rotation in the vertebral column | multifidus |
| which long posterior back muscle is considered to be a key component of the core musculature ? | multifidus |
| which girdle is comprised of six bones: ilium, ischium and pubis (a pair of each) | The pelvic girdle |
| Control and support of The pelvic girdle is provided via by which two tissues L&M | Ligaments & Muscles |
| where does most of the main hip and knee muscles originate from or is in some way attached | The pelvic girdle |
| what bone structure has two halves & joins and joins at the pubis & the sacrum ? | The pelvic girdle |
| HIP MUSCLES - Ilicaus or psoas and the rectus femoris) provide hip what ? | Hip Flexion |
| HIP MUSCLES - the gluteus maximus and hamstrings provide hip what ? | Hip extension |
| HIP MUSCLES - adductor longus, brevis or magnus, the pectinius and gracilis provide hip what ? | Hip Adduction |
| HIP MUSCLES - piriformis and tensor facia latae and the Gluteus minimus or medius provide hip what ? | Hip Abduction |
| The primary movements of the knee joint are | flexion and extension |
| Name the 4 quadricep muscles | Rectus femoris - Vastus medialis - Vastus intermedius - Vastus lateralis |
| which muscle (RM) is part of the quadriceps which originates at the ilium and inserts at the front of the tibia. It enables flexion of the hip and extension of the knee (as if kicking a football) | Rectus femoris |
| which muscle (VM) holds the medial portion of quadriceps which originates on the medial surface of the femur and inserts at the front of the tibia. It enables extension of the knee. | Vastus medialis |
| which muscle (VI) holds the central portion of the quadriceps which originates on the anterior lateral portion of the femur and inserts at the front of the tibia. It enables extension of the knee. | Vastus intermedius |
| which muscle (VL) holds the lateral portion of the quadriceps which originates from the lateral portion of the femur and inserts at the front of the tibia. It enables extension of the knee | Vastus lateralis |
| which 3 quadricep muscles allow extension of the knee and share a common insertion at the front of the tibia ? | Vastus medialis - Vastus intermedius - Vastus lateralis |
| which quadricep muscle allows flexion of the hip & extension of the knee ? eg biaxial | Rectus femoris |
| portion of the quadriceps is the only part which passes over both the hip and the knee joint (termed bi-axial); it is also a hip flexor | Rectus femoris |
| Although the four quadriceps originate from different locations, they share a common insertion at the front of the ? | tibia |
| what is the term when a muscle can perform multiple joint functions ? | biaxial |
| name the three hamstring muscles | biceps femoris - semimembranosus - semitendinosus |
| biceps femoris - semimembranosus - semitendinosus a group of posterior leg/knee muscles termed as the ? | hamstrings |
| what position does the knee have to be in to allow internal & external rotational ? | flexed |
| name the 3 planes of movement | Frontal - Sagittal - Transverse |
| Name the 3 Axis of Movement | Anterior/Posterior - Medial-Lateral - Longitudinal |
| Which axis passes through the sagittal plane ? | Medial-Lateral |
| Which axis passes through the Transverse plane ? | Longitudinal |
| Which axis passes through the Frontal plane ? | Anterior/Posterior |
Created by:
LeeNelson
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