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Science Chap. 12
Heredity and Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acquired traits | traits that develop during an individual's lifetime and which are not inherited |
| artificial selection | a process in the breeding of animals and in the cultivation of plants by which the breeder chooses to perpetuate only those forms having certain desirable inheritable characteristics. |
| artificially inseminated | the injection of semen into the vagina or uterus by means of a syringe or the like rather than by coitus |
| breeds | to produce (offspring); procreate; engender. |
| controlled breeding | a type of artificial selection carried out to produce best traits of a breed |
| crossbreeding | an animal or group of animals produced by hybridization; hybrid |
| evolution | a product of such development; something evolved |
| extinct | no longer in existence; that has ended or died out: an extinct species of fish. |
| fraternal twins | one of a pair of twins, not necessarily resembling each other, or of the same sex, that develop from two separately fertilized ova |
| genetic engineering | the development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population |
| geographic isolation | physical separation of populations |
| hybridization | 1. to cause to produce hybrids; cross. |
| identical twins | one of a pair of twins who develop from a single fertilized ovum and therefore have the same genotype, are of the same sex, and usually resemble each other closely |
| inbreeding | the mating of closely related individuals, as cousins, sire-daughter, brother-sister, or self-fertilized plants, which tends to increase the number of individuals that are homozygous for a trait and therefore increases the appearance of recessive traits |
| inherited trait | trait controlled by genes, passed from parent to offspring |
| mutant | a new type of organism produced as the result of mutation |
| mutations | a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome. |
| natural selection | the process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of |
| sex chromosomes | a chromosome, differing in shape or function from other chromosomes, that determines the sex of an individual |
| sex-linked traits | located in a sex chromosome. |
| speciation | the formation of new species as a result of geographic, physiological, anatomical, or behavioral factors that prevent previously interbreeding populations from breeding with each other. |
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