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abnormal psychology
exam #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| substance use disorders | cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms that indicate continued substance use despite substance-related problems (altered consciousness). |
| tolerance | the body gets used to the substance and needs more to feel a difference. |
| withdrawal | symptoms that occur when substances decline in an individual who maintained heavy use of substance. |
| physical dependency | leads to withdrawal symptoms & possible overdose despite tolerance. |
| CNS stimulants: amphetamines | stimulant effects include euphoria, increased energy, alertness, and rapid speech. |
| behavioral addictions | gambling disorder, compulsive buying, kleptomania. |
| what factors are associated with increased substance use and abuse? | trauma and socioeconomic factors. |
| what factors may buffer or protect against substance abuse? | sociocultural factors. |
| factors when deciding on treatment option? | the drug being abused, person's personal characteristics, person's resources. |
| transtheoretical model (TTM | five stage model of behavioral change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance |
| aversion therapy | paring drug or alcohol with an aversive stimulus- pill that causes nausea when having alcohol. |
| detoxification | medically supervised drug withdrawal |
| agonist substitution | substitute with chemically safe medication |
| aversive treatments | paring substance with noxious physical reaction. |
| barriers for women in obtaining treatment | limited access to childcare and society's punitive toward mothers who abuse drugs. Women also respond differently to treatment. |
| mandated reporters must observe of the influence the abuse has on children in the home with parent who abuses substances | neglect, abuse, accidental access for child to drugs, accidental injury to children due to neglect. |
| psychosis | a severe mental condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality. |
| delusions | false beliefs |
| hallucinations | false sensory perception |
| schizophrenia | severe psychological disorder characterized by disorganization in thought, perception, and behavior |
| symptoms of schizophrenia | delusions of persecution, reference, influence, grandeur (or grandiose delusions), speech and thought disturbances also common. |
| schizophrenia | often comorbid with anxiety/depression/substance dependence. |
| schizophrenia hallucination | false sensory perceptions, such as hearing voices that don't exist. |
| schizo flat affect | a lack of emotional responsiveness. |
| schizo catatonia | either wildly excessive movement or total lack thereof. |
| schizo positive symptoms | excesses of behavior or occur in addition to normal behavior. Hallucinations delusions, and distorted thinking. |
| schizo negative symptoms | less-than-normal behavior or an absence of normal behavior. Poor attention, flat affect, poor speech production. |
| alogia | decreased quality/quantity of speech. |
| avolitipon | apathy |
| anhedonia | lack of capacity for pleasure. |
| schizo cognitive impairments | inability to perceive social nuances & engage in basic convo. inability to identify the emotional states of other people & comprehend sarcasm & lies. reduces emotional responses to positive & negative events. |
| misconceptions with schizo | that it's associated with violence. |
| brief psychotic disorder | sudden onset of any psychotic symptom, such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. Lasts no more than a month, associated with psychosocial stressors. |
| delusional disorder | presence of a nonbizarre delusion (an event that might actually happen)- cults, aliens, etc. |
| typical antipsychotics | reduce positive symptoms but have serious side effects- muscle stiffness, tremors. |
| atypical antipsychotics | preferred for the treatment of schizo in adults and youth- as effective on positive symptoms but fewer side effects. |
| psychoeducation | a process that educates patients and family members |
| CBT- psychosocial treatment | to reduce or eliminate psychotic symptoms |
| psychosocial treatment | reality based training |
| personality disorder | enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture. |
| cluster A personality disorder | odd or eccentric |
| cluster B personality disorder | dramatic, emotional, or erratic. |
| cluster C personality disorder | anxious or fearful |
| categorical approach | one either has or does not have a particular personality disorder. |
| dimensional approach | personality considered be on a continuum. |
| cluster B | antisocial personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder. |
| antisocial personality disorder | pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others (psychopath/sociopath). |
| antisocial characteristics | more common in males, at least 18 years wit symptoms of CD disorder before age 15, fail to conform to social norms, highly impulsive, irresponsible, fail to take responsibility for behavior, minimize consequences & lack remorse. |
| narcissistic personality | pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, lack of empathy (very manipulative). |
| narcissistic characteristics | exaggerated sense of self-importance, fantasies of limitless success, seek constant attention from others, sense of entitlement, experience extremes in mood & self esteem, devaluation of others. |
| borderline personality disorder | pervasive pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect (mood), impulsivity, (can be dramatic). |
| BPD characteristics | severe and rapidly fluctuating symptoms, impulsive hostility, self-injury, drug & alcohol use, unstable conflicted sense of self & self-worth, fear of abandonment, unstable social relationships, high suicide risk. |
| histrionic personality disorder | pattern of excessive emotion and attention-seeking behavior |
| histrionic personality characteristics | theatrical behavior to draw attention to self, pronounced emotional expressions, misperception of relationships. |
| five-factor model | big five personality dimensions- neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness. |
| developmental factors and personality disorders | manifestations of personality disorder may represent typical childhood and adolescent behaviors. |
| adolescent personality disorders associated with: | emotional distress, aversive parental behavior, other psychological disorders. |
| temperament for personality disorders | personality components that are biological or genetic in origin, observable from birth, relatively stable across time & situations, innate biological components interact with environment. |
| tx for personality disorders | challenge getting patients with PD into tx: psychotherapy, CBT, DBT, DBT and partial hospitalization. |
| meds for BPD | antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics. |
Created by:
meglad93
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