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French Revolution

Midterm Review

TermDefinition
Louis XVI King of France from 1774 to 1792 whose failure to grant reforms led to the French Revolution. He and his queen Marie Antoinette were guillotined (1754-1793) as a result
Marie Antoinette Queen of France (wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular whose extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy. She was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793)
Old Regime the social and political system established in the Kingdom of France from approximately the 15th century until the latter part of the 18th century under the late Valois and Bourbon dynasties
Estates General a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm containing the clergy, nobility, and the commoners. This signaled the outbreak of the French Revolution
1st Estate the Church (clergy = those who prayed).
2nd Estate a small group in 18th century French society comprising the noble or aristocratic orders. Its members, both men and women, possessed aristocratic titles like Duc ('Duke'), Comte ('Count'), Vicomte ('Viscount'), Baron or Chevalier
3rd Estate the nobility and the clergy, one of the three orders into which members were divided in the pre-Revolutionary Estates-General
Bourgeoisie the ruling class of the two basic classes of capitalist society, consisting of capitalists, manufacturers, bankers, and other employers. They own the most important of the means of production, through which it exploits the working class
National Assembly an assembly composed of the representatives of a nation and usually constituting a legislative body or a constituent assembly
Tennis Court Oath an oath taken by the members of the French Third Estate on June 20, 1789 that consisted of vowing never to separate until a written constitution had been established for France. It was a crucial event in the French Revolution
Storming of the Bastille a violent attack on the fortress of Paris (government) by the people of France on July 14, 1789. This began the start of the French Revolution
Great Fear a period of panic and riot in the French Revolution by peasants and others among rumors of a noble scheme by the King and the privileged to overthrow the Third Estate
Bread Riots events of civil crisis in the Confederacy during the American Civil War, committed mostly by women in March and April 1863 where women and men violently invaded and looted various shops and stores
Declaration of the Rights of Man an important document of the French Revolution that allowed civil rights to some commoners, but excluded a significant amount of the French population
Jacobins members of a constitutional society or club of revolutionaries that promoted the Reign of Terror and other extreme measures
Girondins members of a loosely knit republican group during the French Revolution who were active in the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention and supported foreign war as a means to unite the people behind the cause of the Revolution
Guillotine/National Razor a machine designed for beheading people quickly and with minimal pain. Nicknamed for the period where thousands of nobles and suspected enemies were executed during the revolution
Reign of Terror a period of the French Revolution from 1793-1794, in which many people were ruthlessly executed by the ruling faction
Committee of Public Safety a political body of the French Revolution that gained essential dictatorial control over France during the Reign of Terror (1793–1794).
Maximilian Robespierre a French lawyer and statesman who was the architect of the Reign of Terror in France. He represented the Third Estate, advocating for basic human rights for all (rich, poor, slave, free or otherwise). He also opposed the death penalty for many years
Jean-Paul Marat a French revolutionary leader who was a leader in overthrowing the Girondins and was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday (1743-1793)
Friend of the People/L’Ami du peuple a newspaper written by Jean-Paul Marat during the French Revolution which was a vocal defender for the rights of the lower classes against "enemies" of the people, which wrote about. These papers often caused violence.
Georges-Jacques Danton a French revolutionary leader who stormed the Paris bastille and supported the execution of Louis XVI but was guillotined by Robespierre for his opposition to the Reign of Terror (1759-1794)
Charlotte Corday a French woman who stabbed Jean-Paul Marat to death in the bath. Her passion for justice included separating justice from politics.
Concordat an agreement or treaty relating to matters of mutual interest. "Catholicism was the religion of the great majority of the French" but not the official state religion, thus maintaining religious freedom, in particular with respect to Protestants
Napoleon (I) Bonaparte a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. He was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.
Coup d'etat the overthrow of an existing government by non-democratic means; an illegal, unconstitutional seizure of power by a dictator, the military, or a political faction
Napoleonic Code French civil code where the authority of men over their families grew, women were deprived of any individual rights, illegal children had reduced rights, male citizens had equal rights and the right to religious opposition, & colonial slavery was renewed.
Metric System international decimal system of weights and measures which was adopted in France in 1795
Napoleonic Wars a series of major wars from 1803–1815 with the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a shifting group of European powers formed into various combinations, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom
Created by: Studypersona
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