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Term | Definition |
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Chromosome | one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory info. |
Histones | each of your chromosomes is associated with this group of proteins |
Chromatin | the loose combination of DNA and proteins |
Chromatid | one half of a duplicated chromosome |
Centromere | a region of the condensed chromosome that looks pinched |
Nucleotides | the small units, or monomers, that make up DNA |
Double helix: two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder | two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder |
Base pairing rules | thymine (T) always pairs with adenine (A), and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G) |
Somatic cells | also called body cells, make up most of your body tissues and organs |
Gametes | sex cells, ova, or eggs, in the female, and spermatozoa, or sperm cells, in the male |
Homologous chromosomes | two chromosomes, one inherited from the mother, one from the father, that have the same length and general appearance |
Autosomes | chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism |
Sex chromosomes | directly control the development of sexual characteristics |